Church of Saint John the Baptist (Trogir)
In the 13th century, near the main city square, the Benedictines had a single-nave church built, which is presumed to be...
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U blizini glavnoga gradskog trga, u 13. stoljeću, benediktinci su sagradili jednobrodnu crkvu za koju se prema nekim...
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USA: BOSNIAN, CROATS AND MUSLIMS REACH AGREEMENTS AT PEACE TALKS
English/Nat
There's word of progress in peace talks between Bosnia's Muslims and Croats.
Sources at the talks at Wright-Patterson Air Force base in Ohio say the Muslims and Croats have initialed deals to strengthen their federation and allow refugees to go home.
Warren Christopher has announced that he will join the Ohio talks on Friday.
Movement at the Bosnia talks.
Sources say Bosnian Croats and Muslims Thursday initialed agreements to strengthen their federation.
Sources also say negotiators initialed a document to unify the local administration of the city of Mostar.
It's been divided since savage Muslim-Croat fighting in 1993.
Secretary of State Warren Christopher is to travel to the talks on Friday.
Sources say Christopher will preside over the signing of the agreements.
SOUNDBITE:
I said when I was out at Dayton at the commencement of the talks that I might go back from time to time to try to be helpful. That's really the purpose of the visit, I don't have any announcement to make here today. When I get out there I hope I can help them to make some progress.
SUPER CAPTION: Secretary of State Warren Christopher
Christopher said he and Richard Holbrooke, the chief U-S negotiator, talked several times on Wednesday.
SOUNDBITE:
Many, many hard problems remain, I'm encouraged by the fact that the parties are dealing with the most difficult issues sometimes in the face of a great deal of tension between them but none the less they are hard at work and that's a good sign.
SUPER CAPTION: Secretary of State Warren Christopher
Meanwhile, the State Department had some good news for the residents of Sarajevo.
Bosnia and Serbia have agreed to resume natural gas delivery to parts of both countries.
But officials cautioned the move is not a lifting, even a partial lifting, of sanctions against the region.
SOUNDBITE:
The vast majority of the sanctions remain in place. We are making an exception on a humanitarian basis for a two month period to allow people to have a warmer winter - to get through the winter more easily than they otherwise would have.
SUPER CAPTION: Nicholas Burns, U-S State Department spokesperson
But not everyone is happy with the talks.
This small group of protesters claim the interests of their Balkan homelands are not being represented.
The ethnic Albanians fear their homeland of Kosovo, which was forcibly integrated into Serbia, will never regain its autonomy because Kosovo has no representation at the talks.
Kosovo's self-styled Prime Minister Bujar Bukoshi says that until the question of his republic is solved, there will never be true peace in the Balkans.
SOUNDBITE:
There can be no peace in the Balkans without peace and security in Kosovo
SUPER CAPTION: Bujar Bukoshi, Kosovo Prime Minister
Others are more optimistic.
Throughout the city of Dayton, noon bells ring for peace.
It's a way for this town that has found itself thrust on the global stage to send a message.
A message of peace and support for a war torn region half-a-world away.
You can license this story through AP Archive:
Find out more about AP Archive:
Cetinje | Montenegro | small karst plain , limestone mountains, Orthodox religious center,
of Montenegro. It is also the historic and the secondary capital of Montenegro, where the official residence of the President of Montenegro is located. It had a population of 13,991 as of 2011.[1]
Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality (population 16,757 in 2011). The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mt. Lovćen, the Black Mountain from which Montenegro derives its name.
Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a center of Montenegrin life and both a cradle of Montenegrin culture and an Orthodox religious center. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro.Beautiful places to travel to game :
Country tournament :
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10 υπέροχα μέρη για ταξίδια, τα καλύτερα τουριστικά αξιοθέατα σε όλο τον κόσμο
Τα καλύτερα μέρη για διακοπές, διακοπές, καλύτερες διακοπές, αξιοθέατα σε όλο τον κόσμο, ταξιδιωτικός οδηγός, καλύτερα μέρη για ταξίδια, ταξίδια, ταξιδιωτικές πόλεις, μουσεία, αξιοθέατα, πολιτισμός, φύση,Cetinje Monastery. 8am-7pm. The most famous Serb Orthodox monastery in Montenegro. Re-built in 1785. Features several relics including the remains of Saint Peter of Cetinje, the right hand of John the baptist, the remains of Peter II Petrovic, and the crown of Steven Uros IV Dusan, midevil emperor of Serbia. edit
Vlaška Church. Built in 1450. fence made out of barrels of captured enemy rifles. edit
Ethnographic Museum, King Nicholas' Square. 9am-3pm. Clothing from Montenegro edit
State Museum, (King Nicholas' Square). 9am-3pm. Former residence of Nikola Petrovic I, king of Montenegro. Looted during World War II. €5. edit
Biljarda Hall, (Opposite the National Museum). 1832 residence of Peter II Petrovic. Now a museum dedicated to him. €3. edit
National Museum of Montenegro, Novice Cerovica. 9am-5pm. History section and art section. €5. edit
Grave of Vladika Danilo, (Vladika Danilo). If you are willing to take the 10-minute walk up the hill on the path that starts on the left of the Cetinje Monastery, you will not be sorry because you will be rewarded with beautiful views of Cetinje from above edit
There is a cummulative €10 ticket that allows you to visit all the museums in Cetinje. You can buy the ticket at each of the museums.
Do[edit][add listing]
Visiting Cetinje is really about understanding Montenegro and it's history.
Acrobranche (tree climbing) attraction park, (At the mountain road towards the Lovćen Mausoleum), [1]. edit
Buy[edit][add listing]
Τα καλύτερα μέρη για ταξίδια,
Geography Now! Georgia
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Stay cool Stay tuned and remember, this is Earth, your home. Learn about it.
Фильм БАЛКАНЫ: Вино и сыр
Быстро-быстро по городам и весям Сербии, Хорватии и Черногории.
Путешествие началось в Белграде, столице Сербии. Именно в этот балканский город в начале июля предлагали самые дешевые авиабилеты.
В Белграде путешественники надолго не задержались. Посетили Белградскую крепость, побывали в старом районе Земун и отправились на вокзал, чтобы уехать на поезде в сторону хорватской границы.
В Сремски-Карловци местный житель пригласил в гости и завел долгие разговоры о политике. Конечно, не за чашкой чая.
Во втором по величине сербском городе Нови Сад самая интересная достопримечательность - Петроварадинская крепость.
Суботица — самый северный город Сербии — находится недалеко от венгерской границы.
Краткая остановка в Сомборе. Оттуда сразу на автобусе в городок Бачка-Паланка, который находится уже почти на хорватской границе.
В период Югославской войны Илок входил в состав самопровозглашенной Сербской Краины.
Всего в 30 километрах от Илока находится город Вуковар. Ему выпала незавидная честь стать хорватским Сталинградом.
Город Вара́ждин имеет длинную историю. Люди на его территории жили еще во времена Римской империи. Прекрасно сохранился замок Стари Град XIV века. Построенный в XIII веке в 40 километрах от Вараждина замок Тракошчан.
Село Кумровец на берегу реки Сутлы, по которой проходит граница Хорватии и Словении, превратили в этнографический музей.
Самобор известен своими кремшнитами - пирожными из пенного крема.
Следующая остановка — город Огулин на берегу глубокого каньона реки Добра.
Церковь Богоматери Трсатской - один из семи главных католических соборов Хорватии. Пригород Риеки — Опати́я, также изначально был известен как крупный религиозный центр.
Город Бузет стоит на том же месте, где когда-то было древнее римское поселение Пингентум. От римлян, конечно, ничего не сохранилось.
В соседнем городке Мотовун трюфели можно попробовать бесплатно.
Пазин — не самый крупный город Истрии, но стал его столицей.
В Средние века Крк был крупным христианским центром и одновременно мощной крепостью с военно-морской базой.
Над Шибеником нависает огромная крепость Святого Михаила, построенная в XV — XVII веках.
В 17 километрах от Шибеника на реке Крка стоит древний город Скрадин.
Сплит — самый крупный город и порт Адриатического побережья Хорватии.
Пляж Златни Рат считается самым лучшим хорватским пляжем. Его название означает «Золотой рог».
В Дубровнике завершается путешествие по Хорватии — впереди Черногория.
Херцег-Нови находится у входа в узкий и очень длинный Которский залив, который здесь называют Бока Которска.
В 1878 году Цетине стал столицей суверенной Черногории.
На вершине горы Ловчен похоронен Петр Петрович Негош.
Скадарское озеро — самое большое в Черногории.
Настраивайтесь на длительный просмотр и наслаждайтесь.
Вы также можете принять участие в новых походах Валерия Шанина
Croatia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Croatia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Croatia ( ( listen), kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska, listen ) is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital Zagreb forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and a population of 4.28 million, most of whom are Roman Catholics.
The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom, which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of kings Petar Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, in the final days of World War I, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, independent from Austria-Hungary, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into the Nazi-backed client-state which led to the development of a resistance movement and the creation of the Federal State of Croatia which after the war become a founding member and a federal constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came wholly into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully for four years following the declaration.
The sovereign state of Croatia is a republic governed under a parliamentary system and a developed country with a very high standard of living. It is a member of the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. As an active participant in the UN peacekeeping forces, Croatia has contributed troops to the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan and took a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008–2009 term. Since 2000, the Croatian government has constantly invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors.
Croatia's economy is dominated by service and industrial sectors and agriculture. Tourism is a significant source of revenue, with Croatia ranked among top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world. The state controls a part of the economy, with substantial government expenditure. The European Union is Croatia's most important trading partner. Croatia provides a social security, universal health care system, and a tuition-free primary and secondary education, while supporting culture through numerous public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing.
Croatia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Croatia
00:03:17 1 Etymology
00:04:54 2 History
00:05:03 2.1 Early history
00:05:48 2.2 Greek and Roman rule
00:07:22 2.3 Middle Ages
00:10:15 2.4 Habsburg Monarchy and Austria-Hungary
00:14:10 2.5 Yugoslavia (1918–1991)
00:20:37 2.6 Independence (1991–present)
00:24:09 3 Geography
00:27:09 3.1 Biodiversity
00:31:33 4 Politics
00:34:03 4.1 Law and judicial system
00:35:39 4.2 Administrative divisions
00:38:27 4.3 Foreign relations
00:41:03 4.4 Military
00:43:47 5 Economy
00:46:50 5.1 Tourism
00:49:05 5.2 Infrastructure
00:52:50 6 Demographics
00:55:57 6.1 Religion
00:57:12 6.2 Languages
01:00:13 6.3 Education
01:03:59 6.4 Health
01:06:14 7 Culture
01:09:43 7.1 Arts and literature
01:12:24 7.2 Media
01:15:38 7.3 Cuisine
01:16:58 7.4 Sports
01:19:57 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Croatia ( (listen), kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska, listen ) is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital Zagreb forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and a population of 4.28 million, most of whom are Roman Catholics.
The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom, which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of kings Petar Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, in the final days of World War I, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, independent from Austria-Hungary, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into the Nazi-backed client-state which led to the development of a resistance movement and the creation of the Federal State of Croatia which after the war become a founding member and a federal constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came wholly into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully for four years following the declaration.
The sovereign state of Croatia is a republic governed under a parliamentary system and a developed country with a very high standard of living. It is a member of the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. As an active participant in the UN peacekeeping forces, Croatia has contributed troops to the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan and took a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008–2009 term. Since 2000, the Croatian government has constantly invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors.
Croatia's economy is dominated by service and industrial sectors and agriculture. Tourism is a significant source of revenue, with Croatia ranked among top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world. The state controls a part of the economy, with substantial government expenditure. The European Union is Croatia's most important trading partner. Croatia provides a social security, universal health care system, and a tuition-free primary and secondary education, while supporting culture through numerous public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing.
Italian war crimes | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Italian war crimes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italian war crimes have mainly been associated with Fascist Italy in the Pacification of Libya, the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, and World War II.
Krste-Gagovski Sv.Nikola Church Massillon, OH
St.Nikola Macedonian Orthodox Church Krste Gagovski
Montenegro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Montenegro
00:02:36 1 Etymology
00:05:15 2 History
00:05:23 2.1 Arrival of the Slavs
00:07:32 2.2 Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro and fights against the Ottomans
00:09:31 2.3 Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
00:11:23 2.4 Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
00:12:15 2.5 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
00:13:00 2.6 World War II
00:16:10 2.7 Montenegro within Socialist Yugoslavia
00:16:59 2.8 Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia
00:19:35 2.9 Independence
00:21:48 2.10 Euro-Atlantic integration in the 21st century
00:23:32 3 Geography
00:26:12 3.1 Biodiversity
00:28:15 4 Politics
00:30:12 4.1 Foreign relations of Montenegro
00:31:56 4.2 Symbols
00:33:07 4.3 Military
00:34:38 4.4 Administrative divisions
00:35:10 4.5 Cities in Montenegro
00:35:19 5 Economy
00:37:08 5.1 Infrastructure
00:38:58 5.2 Tourism
00:41:26 6 Demographics
00:41:35 6.1 Ethnic structure
00:42:41 6.2 Languages
00:43:44 6.3 Religion
00:45:50 7 Education
00:46:41 7.1 Elementary and secondary education
00:48:18 7.2 Tertiary education
00:48:56 7.3 Post-graduate education
00:49:16 8 Culture
00:49:25 8.1 Art
00:50:42 8.2 Literature
00:51:00 8.3 Media
00:51:35 8.4 Cuisine
00:52:13 8.5 Sport
00:54:41 8.6 Public holidays
00:54:49 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Montenegro ( (listen); Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]) is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north; Serbia and Kosovo to the east; Albania to the south and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 640,000, most of whom are Orthodox Christians. Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.
In the 9th century, three Slavic principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.
Since 1990, Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Zagreb | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Zagreb
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Zagreb ( ZAH-greb, Croatian pronunciation: [zǎːɡreb] (listen)) is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. It is located in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level.
The estimated population of the city in 2018 is 810,003. The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is about 1.1 million, approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia.
Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day. The oldest settlement located in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's Ščitarjevo. The name Zagreb is recorded in 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242. In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor, Janko Kamauf.
Zagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division and is a consolidated city-county (but separated from Zagreb County), and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts. Most of them are at a low elevation along the river Sava valley, whereas northern and northeastern city districts, such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain, making the city's geographical image rather diverse. The city extends over 30 kilometres (19 miles) east-west and around 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-south.The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies, and almost all government ministries. Almost all of the largest Croatian companies, media, and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia where Central Europe, the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia. It is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living, museums, sporting, and entertainment events. Its main branches of economy are high-tech industries and the service sector.
Zagreb | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:21 1 Name
00:05:56 2 History
00:07:14 2.1 Early Zagreb
00:08:27 2.2 16th to 18th centuries
00:09:56 2.3 19th to mid-20th century
00:13:28 2.4 Modern Zagreb
00:15:47 2.5 Area and population development
00:15:59 3 Geography
00:16:08 3.1 Climate
00:19:16 3.2 Cityscape
00:20:54 3.3 Surroundings
00:24:27 3.4 Demographics
00:26:37 3.4.1 City districts
00:27:11 3.4.2 Settlements
00:27:44 4 Government and politics
00:28:45 4.1 Elections
00:29:13 4.2 Administration
00:33:05 4.3 International relations
00:33:15 4.3.1 Twin towns — sister cities
00:33:31 4.3.2 Partner cities
00:33:45 5 Culture
00:33:54 5.1 Tourism
00:37:27 5.1.1 Souvenirs and gastronomy
00:38:57 5.2 Museums
00:47:58 5.3 Events
00:50:25 5.4 Performing arts
00:52:18 5.5 Recreation and sports
00:58:16 5.6 Religion
01:00:08 6 Economy and infrastructure
01:02:45 6.1 Transport
01:02:55 6.1.1 Highways
01:06:18 6.1.2 Roads
01:07:49 6.1.2.1 Bridges
01:08:41 6.1.3 Public transportation
01:10:11 6.1.3.1 Tram network
01:11:33 6.1.3.2 Suburban rail network
01:12:34 6.1.4 Air traffic
01:14:03 7 Education
01:14:32 7.1 University
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7755944765080107
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Zagreb (; Croatian pronunciation: [zǎːɡreb] (listen)) is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. It is located in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level.
The estimated population of the city in 2018 was 802 762, an increase of 2,8% since 2007. The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is about 1.2 million, approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia.
Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day. The oldest settlement located in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's Ščitarjevo. The name Zagreb is recorded in 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242. In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor, Janko Kamauf.
Zagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division and is a consolidated city-county (but separated from Zagreb County), and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts. Most of them are at a low elevation along the river Sava valley, whereas northern and northeastern city districts, such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain, making the city's geographical image rather diverse. The city extends over 30 kilometres (19 miles) east-west and around 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-south.The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies, and almost all government ministries. Almost all of the largest Croatian companies, media, and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia where Central Europe, the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia. It is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living, museums, sporting, and entertainment events. Its main branches of economy are high-tech industries and the service sector.
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Montenegro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Montenegro
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Montenegro ( ( listen); Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]) is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north; Serbia and Kosovo to the east; Albania to the south and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 640,000, most of whom are Orthodox Christians. Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.
In the 9th century, three Serb principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.
Since 1990, Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Montenegro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Montenegro
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Montenegro ( ( listen); Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]) is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north; Serbia and Kosovo to the east; Albania to the south and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 640,000, most of whom are Orthodox Christians. Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.
In the 9th century, three Serb principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.
Since 1990, Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.
World War 1 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:07:53 1 Names
00:09:18 2 Background
00:09:27 2.1 Political and military alliances
00:12:19 2.2 Arms race
00:14:49 2.3 Conflicts in the Balkans
00:16:20 3 Prelude
00:16:29 3.1 Sarajevo assassination
00:18:51 3.2 Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:19:55 3.3 July Crisis
00:24:37 4 Progress of the war
00:24:46 4.1 Opening hostilities
00:24:55 4.1.1 Confusion among the Central Powers
00:25:50 4.1.2 Serbian campaign
00:26:38 4.1.3 German Offensive in Belgium and France
00:30:16 4.1.4 Asia and the Pacific
00:31:30 4.1.5 African campaigns
00:32:18 4.1.6 Indian support for the Allies
00:34:01 4.2 Western Front
00:34:10 4.2.1 Trench warfare begins
00:36:45 4.2.2 Continuation of trench warfare
00:40:58 4.3 Naval war
00:46:23 4.4 Southern theatres
00:46:32 4.4.1 War in the Balkans
00:50:38 4.4.2 Ottoman Empire
00:55:59 4.4.3 Italian participation
01:01:03 4.4.4 Romanian participation
01:04:21 4.5 Eastern Front
01:04:29 4.5.1 Initial actions
01:05:28 4.5.2 Russian Revolution
01:08:23 4.5.3 Czechoslovak Legion
01:10:01 4.6 Central Powers peace overtures
01:12:01 4.7 1917–1918
01:12:21 4.7.1 Developments in 1917
01:15:52 4.7.2 Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918
01:19:27 4.7.3 15 August 1917: Peace offer by the Pope
01:20:37 4.7.4 Entry of the United States
01:24:44 4.7.5 German Spring Offensive of 1918
01:28:54 4.7.6 New states enter the war
01:30:24 4.8 Allied victory: summer 1918 onwards
01:30:35 4.8.1 Hundred Days Offensive
01:33:03 4.8.1.1 Battle of Albert
01:34:50 4.8.2 Allied advance to the Hindenburg Line
01:37:00 4.8.3 German Revolution 1918–1919
01:38:08 4.8.4 New German government surrenders
01:39:15 4.8.5 Armistices and capitulations
01:43:13 5 Aftermath
01:43:58 5.1 Formal end of the war
01:46:10 5.2 Peace treaties and national boundaries
01:51:31 5.3 National identities
01:55:38 5.4 Health effects
01:59:52 6 Technology
02:00:01 6.1 Ground warfare
02:06:16 6.1.1 Areas taken in major attacks
02:08:06 6.2 Naval
02:09:08 6.3 Aviation
02:11:34 7 War crimes
02:11:43 7.1 Baralong incidents
02:12:46 7.2 Torpedoing of HMHS iLlandovery Castle/i
02:13:40 7.3 Blockade of Germany
02:14:36 7.4 Chemical weapons in warfare
02:16:51 7.5 Genocide and ethnic cleansing
02:17:01 7.5.1 Ottoman Empire
02:18:56 7.5.2 Russian Empire
02:19:24 7.6 Rape of Belgium
02:21:01 8 Soldiers' experiences
02:21:42 8.1 Prisoners of war
02:25:59 8.2 Military attachés and war correspondents
02:26:27 9 Support for the war
02:30:55 10 Opposition to the war
02:37:30 11 Conscription
02:37:58 11.1 Canada
02:38:29 11.2 Australia
02:39:46 11.3 Britain
02:41:31 11.4 United States
02:43:52 11.5 Austria-Hungary
02:44:39 12 Diplomacy
02:45:36 13 Legacy and memory
02:46:01 13.1 Historiography
02:46:49 13.2 Memorials
02:48:45 13.3 Cultural memory
02:52:07 13.4 Social trauma
02:53:27 13.5 Discontent in Germany
02:55:43 13.6 Economic effects
03:02:54 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8774969973351399
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, on 23 ...
Montenegro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Montenegro
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Montenegro ( ( listen); Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]) is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north; Serbia and Kosovo to the east; Albania to the south and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 640,000, most of whom are Orthodox Christians. Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.
In the 9th century, three Serb principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.
Since 1990, Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Benito Mussolini | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Benito Mussolini
00:05:30 1 Early life
00:07:28 1.1 Emigration to Switzerland and military service
00:09:41 1.2 Political journalist, intellectual and socialist
00:13:32 1.3 Expulsion from the Italian Socialist Party
00:19:51 1.4 Beginning of Fascism and service in World War I
00:25:43 2 Rise to power
00:25:52 2.1 Formation of the National Fascist Party
00:33:42 2.2 March on Rome
00:34:48 2.3 Appointment as Prime Minister
00:37:25 2.4 Acerbo Law
00:38:03 2.5 Squadristi violence
00:39:36 3 Fascist Italy
00:39:45 3.1 Organizational innovations
00:41:17 3.2 Police state
00:44:51 3.3 The Pacification of Libya
00:46:45 3.4 Economic policy
00:49:55 3.5 Propaganda and cult of personality
00:52:53 3.6 Culture
00:56:40 3.7 Foreign policy
01:12:30 4 World War II
01:12:39 4.1 The gathering storm
01:19:49 4.2 War declared
01:22:04 4.3 Path to defeat
01:26:19 4.4 Dismissed and arrested
01:31:05 4.5 Italian Social Republic (Salò Republic)
01:35:10 5 Death
01:36:43 5.1 Mussolini's corpse
01:39:13 6 Personal life
01:40:40 7 Religious views
01:40:49 7.1 Atheism and anti-clericalism
01:43:09 7.2 Lateran Treaty
01:46:27 8 Mussolini's views on antisemitism and race
01:54:55 9 Legacy
01:55:04 9.1 Family
01:56:10 9.2 Neo-fascism
01:57:06 10 In popular culture
02:01:11 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; Italian: [beˈniːto mussoˈliːni]; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF). He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943; he constitutionally led the country until 1925, when he dropped the pretense of democracy and established a dictatorship.
Known as Il Duce (The Leader), Mussolini was the founder of Italian Fascism. In 1912, Mussolini had been a leading member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), but was expelled from the PSI for advocating military intervention in World War I, in opposition to the party's stance on neutrality. Mussolini served in the Royal Italian Army during the war until he was wounded and discharged in 1917. Mussolini denounced the PSI, his views now centering on nationalism instead of socialism and later founded the fascist movement which came to oppose egalitarianism and class conflict, instead advocating revolutionary nationalism transcending class lines. Following the March on Rome in October 1922, Mussolini became the youngest Prime Minister in Italian history until the appointment of Matteo Renzi in February 2014. After removing all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship. Within five years, Mussolini had established dictatorial authority by both legal and extraordinary means and aspired to create a totalitarian state. In 1929, Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty with the Vatican, ending decades of struggle between the Italian state and the Papacy, and recognized the independence of Vatican City.
After the Abyssinia Crisis of 1935–1936, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in the Second Italo–Ethiopian War. The invasion was condemned by the Western powers and was answered with economic sanctions against Italy. Relations between Germany and Italy improved due to Hitler's support of the invasion. In 1936, Mussolini surrendered Austria to the German sphere of influence, signed the treaty of cooperation with Germany and proclaimed the creation of a Rome–Berlin Axis. From 1936 through 1939, Mussolini provided huge amounts of military support to Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War. This active intervention further distanced Italy from France and Britain. Mussolini had sought to delay a major war in Europe, but Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, resulting in declarations of war by France and the UK and the start of World Wa ...
Montenegro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:44 1 Etymology
00:07:19 2 History
00:07:28 2.1 Arrival of the Slavs
00:10:25 2.2 Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro and fights against the Ottomans
00:13:08 2.3 Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
00:15:43 2.4 Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
00:16:52 2.5 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
00:17:51 2.6 World War II
00:22:15 2.7 Montenegro within Socialist Yugoslavia
00:23:20 2.8 Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia
00:26:56 2.9 Independence
00:30:01 2.10 Euro-Atlantic integration in the 21st century
00:32:23 3 Geography
00:36:06 3.1 Biodiversity
00:38:59 4 Politics
00:41:39 4.1 Foreign relations of Montenegro
00:44:00 4.2 Symbols
00:45:39 4.3 Military
00:47:44 4.4 Administrative divisions
00:48:25 4.5 Cities in Montenegro
00:48:35 5 Economy
00:51:05 5.1 Infrastructure
00:53:37 5.2 Tourism
00:57:02 6 Demographics
00:57:12 6.1 Ethnic structure
00:58:42 6.2 Languages
01:00:15 6.3 Religion
01:03:08 7 Education
01:04:16 7.1 Elementary and secondary education
01:06:25 7.2 Tertiary education
01:07:14 7.3 Post-graduate education
01:07:38 8 Culture
01:07:47 8.1 Art
01:09:33 8.2 Literature
01:09:54 8.3 Media
01:10:40 8.4 Cuisine
01:11:30 8.5 Sport
01:14:53 8.6 Public holidays
01:15:02 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7201445120619601
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Montenegro ( (listen); Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]) is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north; Serbia and the disputed country of Kosovo to the east, Albania to the south and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 614,249, most of whom are Orthodox Christians. Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.
During the Early Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Serbia proper, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.
Since 1990, the sovereign state of Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Montenegro | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:39 1 Etymology
00:05:18 2 History
00:05:27 2.1 Arrival of the Slavs
00:07:36 2.2 Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro and fights against the Ottomans
00:09:34 2.3 Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
00:11:27 2.4 Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
00:12:19 2.5 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
00:13:04 2.6 World War II
00:16:14 2.7 Montenegro within Socialist Yugoslavia
00:17:03 2.8 Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia
00:19:39 2.9 Independence
00:21:52 2.10 Euro-Atlantic integration in the 21st century
00:23:36 3 Geography
00:26:17 3.1 Biodiversity
00:28:21 4 Politics
00:30:16 4.1 Foreign relations of Montenegro
00:32:00 4.2 Symbols
00:33:12 4.3 Military
00:34:43 4.4 Administrative divisions
00:35:15 4.5 Cities in Montenegro
00:35:24 5 Economy
00:37:13 5.1 Infrastructure
00:39:04 5.2 Tourism
00:41:32 6 Demographics
00:41:42 6.1 Ethnic structure
00:42:47 6.2 Languages
00:43:51 6.3 Religion
00:45:57 7 Education
00:46:48 7.1 Elementary and secondary education
00:48:25 7.2 Tertiary education
00:49:04 7.3 Post-graduate education
00:49:24 8 Culture
00:49:33 8.1 Art
00:50:50 8.2 Literature
00:51:08 8.3 Media
00:51:42 8.4 Cuisine
00:52:21 8.5 Sport
00:54:48 8.6 Public holidays
00:54:56 9 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Montenegro ( (listen); Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra]) is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north; Serbia and the disputed country of Kosovo to the east, Albania to the south and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 614,249, most of whom are Orthodox Christians. Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.
During the Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year.
Since 1990, the sovereign state of Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.