Malaga, Costa del Sol, Andalucia, Spain
Malaga, Costa del Sol, Andalucia, Spain
Malaga is a cosmopolitan, attractive city is the centre of the Costa del Sol. Famous for being the birthplace of Pablo Picasso, you can visit the house that Picasso was born.
The imposing Baroque Cathedral, popularly known as 'La Manquita' (One Armed Woman), referring to its rather lopsided appearance due to the missing east bell tower.
A fortress built between 1057 and 1063 (La Alcazaba)is probably the most important military fortification remaining from the Hispanic-Arabic period, which also now features a very interesting archaeological museum. The Alcazaba commands the highest point in Malaga and provides a great view over the city and port.
Above the fortress is the castle Gibralfaro, which was rebuilt by the Moors and has superb panoramic views. You can take a bus to the top or you can walk (Takes about 25-35 minutes to walk).
The impressive park on Calle Alameda is recognised as being one of the most celebrated botanical collections in Europe. During the winter, open air concerts are held here every Sunday.
Málaga airport is one of the major airports in Spain due to the number of tourist arrivals on charter flights using Malaga airport as a gateway to the Costa del Sol.
Places to see in ( Almeria - Spain )
Places to see in ( Almeria - Spain )
Almería is a city in Andalusia, Spain, situated in the southeast of Spain on the Mediterranean Sea. Almeria is the capital of the province of the same name. It was Abd-ar-Rahman III who founded the Alcazaba, which gave this city its name: Al-Mari'yah.
Almería was devastated by an earthquake and rebuilding and recovery didn't really get underway until the 19th century. During the Spanish Civil War, Almeria was shelled by the German Navy, and fell to Franco in 1939. Almeria has since rebuilt its economy around vegetable production, with 100,000 acres of greenhouses, supplying much of Europe.
Alot to see in ( Almeria - Spain ) such as :
The Alcazaba, a medieval fortress that was begun in the 10th century but destroyed by an earthquake in 1522. It includes a triple line of walls, a majestic keep and large gardens. It commands a city quarter with buildings dressed in pastel colors, of Muslim-age aspect.
Almería air raid shelters, underground galleries for civilian protection during the Spanish Civil War, nowadays, the longest in Europe open for tourists.
The Cathedral has a fortress-like appearance due to its towers, merlons and protected paths, created to defend it from Mediterranean pirates. Originally designated as a mosque, it was later converted into a Christian church, before being destroyed in the 1522 earthquake. In the 16th century it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style, whilst keeping some of its defensive features.
Renaissance church of Santiago, built in 1533, with tower and portal decorated with reliefs.
Chanca, a group of houses carved into rocks.
Castle of San Cristobal, now in ruins. It is connected to the Alcazaba by a line of walls.
Museum of Almería. Includes findings from Prehistoric, Iberic, Roman, Greek ages and Muslim objects, mostly from the Alcazaba.
Paseo de Coches, a modern seaside promenade with gardens and palms.
By land, Almería can be reached by the A-7 Mediterranean Highway, which connects the Mediterranean area with the Spanish A-92 that unites it with the rest of Andalusia. By sea, the port of Almería has connections to Melilla, Algeria and Morocco, and also tourist cruises in the Mediterranean. It also has a marina with moorings for pleasure boats. Currently the port of Almería is being expanded with new docks and transformed into a container port to take large-scale international shipping and thereby increase its freight traffic.
One of Almería's most famous natural spots is the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park. This park is of volcanic origin, and is the largest and most ecologically significant marine-terrestrial space in the European Western Mediterranean Sea. With one of the most beautiful and ecologically rich coasts of the western Mediterranean and an area of 380 square kilometres it is one of Spain’s natural jewels. The Cabo de Gata Natural Park runs through the municipal areas of Níjar, Almería and Carboneras. Its villages, previously dedicated to fishing, have become tourism spots for those interested in nature. One of the greatest attractions of the Cabo de Gata Natural Park is its beaches.
( Almeria - Spain ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting the city of Almeria . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Almeria - Spain
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La Mata 3 bedroom long term rental.
3 bedroom long term rental in La Mata available for 480 euros a month. Minimum of 12 months but ideally looking for a tenant for the next few years.
PROPERTIES FOR SALE IN SPAIN, EXCLUSIVES VILLAS
La Cala de Mijas was an agricultural and small, typically Andalusian white-washed fishing village, until the beginning of the Spanish tourist boom in the 1960s.
In its ancient history it has been a place of defence, fortified with four towers along the coast Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, whose function was to give notice in the presence of enemy ships to the garrisons of Fuengirola, Benalmádena and Marbella. This was one of the places where the Berbers attacked. The towers are:
Torre de Calahonda (from the 16th century)
New Tower of La Cala del Moral (probably the most modern tower along the coast, 19th century)
Battery Torre La Cala del Moral (16th century)
Calaburras Tower (built around 1515 in the Punta de Calaburras)
Known previously as La Cala del Moral (English: the Bay of Mulberries) due to the mulberry trees growing in the area, the name was changed in the 1970s to La Cala de Mijas in order to avoid confusion with the similarly named Cala del Moral just outside Málaga. In those early tourist days, La Cala boasted some 30 fishermen's cottages, a couple of bars, an open-air summer cinema, a butcher's, grocer's, a small chapel, a school and little else.
Places to see in ( Badajoz - Spain )
Places to see in ( Badajoz - Spain )
Badajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. Badajoz is situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana.
Conquered by the Moors in the 8th century, Badajoz became a Moorish kingdom, the Taifa of Badajoz. After the reconquista, the area was disputed between Spain and Portugal for several centuries with alternating control resulting in several wars including the Spanish War of Succession (1705), the Peninsular War (1808–1811), the Storming of Badajoz (1812), and the Spanish Civil War (1936). Spanish history is largely reflected in the town.
Badajoz is the see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz. Prior to the merger of the Diocese of Mérida and the Diocese of Badajoz, Badajoz was the see of the Diocese of Badajoz from the bishopric's inception in 1255. The city has a degree of eminence, crowned as it is by the ruins of a Moorish castle and overlooking the Guadiana river, which flows between the castle-hill and the powerfully armed fort of San Cristobal. The architecture of Badajoz is indicative of its tempestuous history; even the Badajoz Cathedral, built in 1238, resembles a fortress, with its massive walls. Badajoz is home to the CD Badajoz and AD Cerro de Reyes football clubs and the AB Pacense basketball club. It is served by Badajoz Railway Station and Badajoz Airport.
The Alcazaba fortress is the most notable structure in the city which attests to the Moorish culture in Badajoz. It was the only important fort on the southern Portuguese frontier during the 17th and 18th centuries and controlled the routes of southern Portugal and Andalusia and was a staging point for invasions against Portugal. any of Badajoz's historical monuments which were in ruins have been refurbished. Its restaurants, pubs and nightlife are a major attraction for the Portuguese across the border. The 13th-century Badajoz Cathedral (converted from a mosque in 1238) is in the old city and its architecture is indicative of the tempestuous history of Badajoz, resembling a fortress, with its massive walls.
Palacio de Congresos de Badajoz, the congressional palace, is the work of the architects José Selgas and Lucia Cano. Palacio Municipal houses the City Hall. The remains of the original City Hall building are in ruins. The current building dates to 1852, and the clock was added in 1889.
The Alcazaba, a Moorish citadel built in the 9th century by Ibn Marwan, was fortified by the Almohad caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf in 1169, although there are traces of earlier work dating back to 913 and 1030. The Alcazaba served as the primary residences for the rulers of the Taifa of Badajoz in the 11th and 12th centuries.
The Vauban military fort was built in the 17th century during the war between Spain and Portugal that lasted from 1640 to 1668 as a defense measure to counter-attack forces entering the city from the northwest and southeast. It is made of stone, brick and lime concrete.
La Giralda, located near Plaza de la Soledad, is a replica of the Giralda in Sevilla. The structure was completed in 1930 by a local businessman for commercial intent.
he Puerta de Palmas was built in 1551. It has two cylindrical towers flanking the entrance door. Prince Philip II and Emperor Charles V and date of construction are mentioned on the outer side of the tower.
( Badajoz - Spain ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting the city of Badajoz . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Badajoz - Spain
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Spanish property for sale
New luxury villa for sale in Benahavis.
For sale this elegant luxury villa in Benahavis, with Mediterranean architecture, classic design and Spanish character, the house where details matter. This brand new luxury villa in Benahavis, it´s located next to La Alqueria golf, and enjoy panoramic sea and golf views. Just 3 km from the beach and 5 km from Puerto Banus, with easy access by the Benahavis road, near Atalaya International School and Mercadona supermarket. Only 7 minutes drive from the picturesque village of Benahavis, a gastronomic reference in Marbella.
This luxurious villa has been built to the highest standards, taking care of every detail. It has a classic-Spanish design, with large spaces and lots of light. The house is situated on an elevated plot and therefore enjoys excellent views to the golf course and the coast. There is a nice mature garden, with abundant vegetation, very well lit at night and a private pool with a lake shape. The house has a modern kitchen equipped with Gaggenau and Siemens appliances, with access to a terrace and garden. The living room has a fireplace and large windows that open onto a large covered terrace overlooking the garden, sea and golf. The house has 5 bedrooms in total, each with its en-suite bathroom. On the ground floor there is a guest bedroom with en-suite bathroom, fitted wardrobes and access to a private terrace and garden. On the second floor, there is the master bedroom, with a large dressing room and a spacious bathroom with a jacuzzi and window overlooking the sea. It has two other bedrooms, each with bathroom en suite and private terrace. All ceilings upstairs are high and wooden, which gives much elegance and warmth to the bedrooms. In the basement there is a SPA area with Turkish bath and Sauna, laundry room, wine cellar and a guest apartment or staff apartment with bathroom, living room and bedroom. It has a garage for two cars and plenty parking space.
This villa is a perfect family home, to enjoy permanently living.
To see more info:
Hostal Escandinavia en Torremolinos (Málaga)
¡Reserva ya! Book now!
El Hostal Escandinavia se encuentra situado en Torremolinos. Cuenta con 15 habitaciones equipadas con aire acondicionado, baño privado, televisión y balcón. Asimismo dispone de cafetería, recepción 24 horas y conexión Wifi gratuita. Disfrute de la gran oferta de ocio de esta localidad y descanse en la Playa de La Carihuela, a tan sólo 200 metros del alojamiento.
Algunos servicios que ofrece el alojamiento:
- Admiten mascotas
- Calefacción en las habitaciones
- Servicio de bar o cafetería
- Wi-fi gratuito
Sobre Torremolinos:
Torremolinos toma su nombre de la Torre Pimentel o Torre de los Molinos, que servía de defensa frente a posibles ataques desde el mar y que data de tiempos de los árabes. Por otro lado Molinos viene dado por el gran número de molinos de agua que antes existían por la zona y de los que actualmente hoy sólo se conserva el Molino de Inca.
Construida por pescadores, Torremolinos en los años 50 comenzó su expansión urbanística y turística para acabar siendo, a día de hoy, uno de los principales destinos del turismo de sol y playa. A lo largo de sus calles, la ciudad dispone de un casco antiguo reconvertido en zona comercial donde se encuentran multitud de tiendas que ofertan todas las marcas y gran cantidad de locales de restauración.
Su gran atractivo son las playas que, en su conjunto, suman 7 km y que son accesibles desde el paseo marítimo y donde, además de sol y arena, se puede degustar el famoso pescaíto frito. Es tal la fama de estas playas que cada año atraen a miles de turistas.
Pero no todo es veraneo tradicional, Torremolinos cuenta con un gran patrimonio arquitectónico como la mencionada Torre Pimentel o la Casa de los Navajas (emblemático palacete situado frente a un acantilado). También podrá pasear por sus calles del centro por la noche y descubrir la activa vida nocturna de la ciudad caracterizada por restaurantes y bares de copas.
Una idea: Si te gusta la naturaleza visita el Jardín Botánico Molino de Inca o el Parque de la Batería.
About Hostal Escandinavia:
Hostal Escandinavia is located in Torremolinos. It comprises a total of 15 rooms, equipped with air conditioning, private bathroom, television and balcony. The guesthouse also includes a café, 24-hour Reception and free Wifi. Enjoy a wide leisure offer of the locality and take a rest at the Playa de La Carihuela, located just 200 meters away from the guesthouse.
About Torremolinos:
Torremolinos has its name because of the Torre Pimentel or the Torre de los Molinos, a tower from the Arab period that served as a line of defense against possible attacks from the sea. In addition, Molinos is determined by the large number of windmills that there were in the area. Currently only one remains, Molino de Inca.
It was built by fishermen, and Torremolinos started its urban and touristic extension during the 50's, to become one of the main sun and sand holiday destination. The city has a long its streets a historic centre turned into a commercial area that offers many trendy shops.
The city's main attraction is its 7 Km of beaches with access from the promenade and where you will be able to taste the famous pescaito frito, besides sand and sun.
Apart from that, Torremolinos has a big architectonic heritage such as the already mentioned Torre Pimentel or the Casa de los Navajas (an emblematic small palace located in front of a cliff). Also you will be able to have a walk through its streets at night and discover the active nightlife of the city (plenty of restaurants and pubs).
One idea: If you like nature, we recommend you to visit the Botanic Garden of Molino de Inca or the Park of La Bateria.
Book now at/ Réserver/ Prenota ora/ Reserva agora
ESPAÑA 5: Edad Media (4ª parte) - Las Coronas de Castilla y Aragón vs. los Almorávides y Almohades
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EPISODIO 84 de PERO ESO ES OTRA HISTORIA (web serie documental)
HISTORIA DE ESPAÑA 5: Edad Media (4ª parte) - Las Coronas de Castilla y Aragón vs. los Almorávides y Almohades
Historia de España 5: Edad Media (4ª parte) - Las Coronas de Castilla y Aragón vs. los Almorávides y Almohades
Justo el año en el que Alfonso VI logró recuperar Toledo llegaron unos locos del norte de África llamados los Almorávides. Destrozaron a los reinos de taifas de Al-Ándalus y pusieron en jaque a los cristianos durante bastantes años, hasta que otros radicales llamados Almohades les quitaron lo bailao.
En los reinos cristianos, mientras tanto, hay movida entre Urraca I y Alfonso I el Batallador, y entre su hijo Alfonso VII y su primo Alfonso I, quien convertirá a Portugal en un reino independiente. A lo largo de estos años varios monarcas van a tratar de recuperar Andalucía y Valencia de manos musulmanas: Fernando III el Santo y Jaime I el conquistador.
Finalmente, se crearán nuevas formas de gobierno, naciendo así las cortes en León en 1188. También cambian los estados, puesto que la unión entre Ramón Berenguer IV y Petronila de Aragón crea la Corona de Aragón, y el matrimonio de Berenguela de Castilla y Alfonso IX de León crea la Corona de Castilla. Finalmente Sancho VI el sabio cambió el nombre del Reino de Pamplona por el de Reino de Navarra.
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Pero eso es otra Historia es una serie documental semanal emitida a través de Youtube que busca ser un resumen divertido de toda la historia de la humanidad, desde la creación de la Tierra hasta la actualidad. Si buscas curiosidades sobre la Historia, este es tu sitio.
Si eres estudiante de historia o estás haciendo las oposiciones para geografía e historia estos resúmenes te van a venir genial. No te olvides de compartirlos con tus compañeros. Resúmenes para la carrera de Historia, resúmenes UNED, resúmenes para selectividad, esquemas, gráficos, animaciones, mapas, ilustraciones... todo lo que necesitas para aprobar.
Andalusia | Wikipedia audio article
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Andalusia
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Andalusia (; Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a]; Portuguese: Andaluzia) is an autonomous community in southern Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in the country. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla).
Andalusia is located in a privileged area in the south of the Iberian peninsula, in south-western Europe, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines. The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System, consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains, separated by the Intrabaetic Basin. In the north, the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System, while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir.The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus (الأندلس). The toponym al-Andalus is first attested by inscriptions on coins minted in 716 by the new Muslim government of Iberia. These coins, called dinars, were inscribed in both Latin and Arabic. The etymology of the name al-Andalus has traditionally been derived from the name of the Vandals; however, a number of proposals since the 1980s have challenged this contention. Halm in 1989 derived the name from a Gothic term, *landahlauts,
and in 2002, Bossong suggested its derivation from a pre-Roman substrate. The region's history and culture have been influenced by the native Iberians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, Visigoths, Byzantines,
Jews, Romani, Muslim Moors and the Castilian and other Christian North Iberian nationalities who reconquered and settled the area in the latter phases of the Reconquista.
Andalusia has been a traditionally agricultural region, compared to the rest of Spain and the rest of Europe. However, the growth of the community especially in the sectors of industry and services was above average in Spain and higher than many communities in the Eurozone. The region has a rich culture and a strong identity. Many cultural phenomena that are seen internationally as distinctively Spanish are largely or entirely Andalusian in origin. These include flamenco and, to a lesser extent, bullfighting and Hispano-Moorish architectural styles, both of which are also prevalent in other regions of Spain.
Andalusia's hinterland is the hottest area of Europe, with cities like Córdoba and Seville averaging above 36 °C (97 °F) in summer high temperatures. Late evening temperatures can sometimes stay around 35 °C (95 °F) until close to midnight, with daytime highs of over 40 °C (104 °F) common. Seville also has the highest average annual temperature in mainland Spain and mainland Europe (19.2 °C), closely followed by Almería (19.1 °C).
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ESPAÑA 1: Prehistoria y Antigüedad - Tartessos, Íberos, Celtas y Romanización (Documental Historia)
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ESPAÑA 1: Prehistoria y Antigüedad - Tartessos, Íberos, Celtas y la Romanización
Historia de España 1: Prehistoria y Antigüedad - Tartessos, Íberos, Celtas y la Romanización
EPISODIO 79 de PERO ESO ES OTRA HISTORIA (web serie documental)
Antes de entrar en la Edad Media demos un pequeño repaso a la prehistoria y a la antigüedad en la península ibérica. Nuestra primera parada es Atapuerca, lugar de reunión de diversos homínidos que precedieron a las primeras culturas, como los Millares o el Argar.
Se cree que el primer reino de la península fue Tartessos, mientras el resto de lo que ahora es España estaba salpicada por diferentes tribus de celtas, íberos y vascones. La historia cambia cuando llegan los fenicios y los griegos primero, y cartagineses y romanos después.
Hispania se convirtió en un campo de batalla durante dos guerras púnicas y dos guerras civiles romanas, hasta que finalmente Roma logró su objetivo y la conquistó por completo tras las Guerras Cántabras. La romanización de Hispania llevaría varios siglos, hasta la invasión de los visigodos en en el siglo V d.C.
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Pero eso es otra Historia es una serie documental semanal emitida a través de Youtube que busca ser un resumen divertido de toda la historia de la humanidad, desde la creación de la Tierra hasta la actualidad. Si buscas curiosidades sobre la Historia, este es tu sitio.
Si eres estudiante de historia o estás haciendo las oposiciones para geografía e historia estos resúmenes te van a venir genial. No te olvides de compartirlos con tus compañeros. Resúmenes para la carrera de Historia, resúmenes UNED, resúmenes para selectividad, esquemas, gráficos, animaciones, mapas, ilustraciones... todo lo que necesitas para aprobar.
The Ottoman Siege of Oran and Mers El Kébir Against The Spanish
The sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir took place between April and June 1563 during the Ottoman-Habsburg struggle for the control of the Mediterranean when a huge Ottoman army under the command of Hasan Pasha, son of Hayreddin Barbarossa, and Jafar Catania, tried to conquer the Spanish-controlled strongholds of Oran and Mers El Kébir on the North African coast, defended respectively by Alonso de Córdoba, Count of Alcaudete, and his brother Martín de Córdoba. The stubborn defense of the Spanish and the arrival of a relief fleet under Francisco de Mendoza frustrated the Ottoman intentions.
After the conquest of Tripoli to the Knights of Malta by the Ottoman admiral Turgut Reis in 1551, and the fall of Bougie to the governor of Algiers, Salih Reis, in 1555, the towns of Oran and Mers El Kébir remained as the only Christian strongholds in Barbary, along with the island of La Goulette, which helped fight the Ottoman and Moorish pirates who constantly plundered and razed the coasts of Naples, Sicily and the Levant. An Ottoman fleet composed of 50 galleys under the command of the renegade Hasan Corso besieged both cities in the Siege of Oran in 1556, but the Sultan Suleiman ordered lift the siege to withdraw the galleys to serve in the Eastern Mediterranean, so both Mers El Kébir and Oran remained in Spanish hands despite the poor state of their defenses.
In 1562, Hasan Pasha, son of Hayreddin Barbarossa and Ottoman governor of Algiers, purposed to conquer both towns to incorporate them into their territories of Algiers. King Philip II, who was aware of Hassan's intentions, ordered assemble a fleet in Barcelona which would transport 4,000 soldiers to reinforce the small garrisons of Oran and Mers El Kébir. These forces, however, never reached their destination due to a storm that destroyed the fleet on October 19 off the city of Málaga. 24 of the 27 galleys sank, and a large number of sailors and soldiers, including Don Juan de Mendoza, Captain General of the Galleys of Spain, perished.
Hassan Pasha, instructed by the Sultan Suleiman, assembled soon an army of 100,000 men among Turks, Algerines and a large number of Janissaries. This army was supported by sea by a fleet of 30 galleys, 5 French carracks and 15 small vessels under the command of Jafar Catania, governor of Tlemcen. With these forces Hassan went to Mers El Kébir, stronghold whose dominion he considered essential to capture Oran. Meanwhile, Alonso and Martin de Córdoba had received supplies, gunpowder, tools and a few soldiers from Málaga. To hold together both towns in order to help each other, they decided built two forts: San Miguel, located on the hill that separated Oran from Mers El Kébir, and Todos los Santos, facing the second town.
Siege
The siege began on April 3, 1563, when Ottoman troops massively attacked the tower of Todos los Santos, defended by 200 Spanish soldiers. The fierce resistance of the fort's garrison, along with artillery support from Mers El Kébir, inflicted heavy casualties on the attackers. However, once the Ottoman cannons tore down the walls, the fort was soon taken. Meantime Jafar's galleys blocked Mers El Kébir to prevent the city to be relieved from Oran. Ottoman's main objective was capture Mers El Kébir, as Hassan was warned by several renegades that the Spanish planned abandon Oran to concentrate on the defense of the other town. Therefore, he destined most of his troops to take the fort of San Miguel, a key point of the Spanish defense, while only a few troops remained blocking Oran.
San Miguel's fort was attacked during 22 days by 24,000 infantry and 400 cavalry soldiers. His few defenders rejected Hassan's offer of surrender and successfully repelled six assaults which left the moat full of dead Janissaries. Among the Ottoman casualties was the governor of Constantine, whose body could be recovered by his men with the permission of Martín de Córdoba. However, despite the stubbornness of the defense, the reinforcements sent from Mers el Kébir were not enough to continue fighting, and on May 8, under cover of darkness, the Spanish survivors retreated to the town.
Siege of Mers el Kébir
Once occupied the fort, the Ottoman troops surrounded the city, digging trenches around and placing artillery to break down the walls. On a nearby hill were also installed several culverins to bombard the inner town. Martín de Córdoba, who had less than 500 men available to defend the city, prepared for the assault. This one took place on 20 May. Hassan sent ahead to 12,000 alarabs to break the resistance of the Spanish harquebusiers and facilitate the assault to two columns of regular troops which would attack secondly. Despite the heavy losses they suffered, the alarabs managed to scale the walls and raise the Ottoman flag on the battlements. However, the Spanish expelled them soon. In that attack nearly 2,500 men died, mostly falling into the moat around the town.
Andalusia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:32 1 Name
00:07:53 2 Symbols
00:12:18 3 Geography
00:13:00 3.1 Location
00:13:48 3.2 Climate
00:18:32 3.3 Terrain
00:21:11 3.4 Hydrography
00:22:54 3.5 Soils
00:24:53 3.6 Flora
00:27:31 3.7 Fauna
00:30:19 3.8 Protected areas
00:32:27 4 History
00:34:13 4.1 Carthaginians and Romans
00:35:10 4.2 Vandals, Visigoths and the Byzantine Empire
00:36:10 4.3 Al-Andalus
00:40:56 4.4 Kingdom of Castile
00:42:32 4.5 Early modern era
00:45:02 4.6 Francoist oppressions
00:46:29 5 Government and politics
00:50:40 5.1 Andalusian Autonomous Government
00:53:42 5.2 Judicial power
00:54:22 6 Administrative divisions
00:54:32 6.1 Provinces
00:55:19 6.2 Comarcas and mancomunidades
00:56:32 6.3 Municipalities and local entities
00:58:54 6.4 Main cities
00:59:02 7 Demographics
00:59:50 7.1 Population change
01:01:34 7.2 Structure
01:02:54 7.3 Immigration
01:04:14 8 Economy
01:05:13 8.1 Primary sector
01:06:16 8.1.1 Agriculture, husbandry, hunting, and forestry
01:10:56 8.1.2 Fishing
01:12:26 8.1.3 Mining
01:13:23 8.2 Secondary sector: industry
01:15:23 8.3 Tertiary sector: services
01:17:07 8.3.1 Tourism in Andalusia
01:22:32 8.3.1.1 Monuments and features
01:22:41 8.4 Unemployment
01:22:59 9 Infrastructure
01:23:08 9.1 Transport
01:28:00 9.2 Energy infrastructure
01:30:02 9.3 Education
01:31:09 9.4 Healthcare
01:31:44 9.5 Science and technology
01:33:24 10 Media
01:34:14 10.1 Newspapers
01:35:31 10.2 Public television
01:36:20 10.3 Radio
01:36:59 11 Art and culture
01:39:14 11.1 Arts
01:40:13 11.1.1 Architecture
01:44:06 11.1.2 Sculpture
01:45:34 11.1.3 Painting
01:47:01 11.2 Literature and philosophy
01:50:49 11.3 Music of Andalusia
01:53:29 11.4 Film
01:56:01 11.5 Culture
01:56:10 11.5.1 Customs and society
01:59:11 11.5.2 Andalusian Spanish
01:59:57 11.5.3 Religion
02:01:54 11.5.4 Bullfighting
02:02:57 11.5.5 Festivals
02:04:35 11.5.6 Cuisine
02:08:32 11.5.7 Other traditions
02:10:32 12 Sports
02:10:41 12.1 Team sports
02:13:14 12.2 Olympics
02:15:19 12.3 Other sports
02:16:06 13 Twinning and covenants
02:16:30 14 Image gallery
02:16:40 15 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Andalusia (UK: , US: ; Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a]; Portuguese: Andaluzia) is an autonomous community in southern Spain. It is the most populous, and the second largest autonomous community in the country. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville.
Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian peninsula, in southwestern Europe, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines. The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System, consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains, separated by the Intrabaetic Basin. In the north, the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System, while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir.The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus (الأندلس). The toponym al-Andalus is first att ...
Spain | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Spain
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving only a handful of small Christian realms in the north, lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering period across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. Following the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the early modern period, Spain became the world's first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with world-famous painters such as Diego Velázquez.
The most famous Spanish literary work, Don Quixote, was also published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world's third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, with the world's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a member of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Or ...
Melilla
Melilla (Spanish pronunciation: [meˈliʎa]; Berber: Mřič (Mritch); Arabic: مليلية, Maliliyyah) is a Spanish-administered city and an exclave located on the north coast of Africa, sharing a border with Morocco with an area of 12.3 square kilometres (4.7 sq mi). Melilla, along with Ceuta, is one of two permanently inhabited Spanish-administered cities in mainland Africa. It was part of Málaga province until 14 March 1995, when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed.
Melilla, like Ceuta, was a free port before Spain joined the European Union. As of 2011, it had a population of 78,476 made up of ethnic Spaniards, ethnic Riffian Berbers, and a small number of ethnic Spanish Jews. Both Spanish and Riffian-Berber are the two most widely spoken languages, with Spanish as the only official language.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
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Spain | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Spain
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving only a handful of small Christian realms in the north, lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering period across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. Following the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the early modern period, Spain became the world's first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with world-famous painters such as Diego Velázquez.
The most famous Spanish literary work, Don Quixote, was also published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world's third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, with the world's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a member of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Or ...
Spain | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Spain
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving only a handful of small Christian realms in the north, lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering period across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. Following the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the early modern period, Spain became the world's first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with world-famous painters such as Diego Velázquez.
The most famous Spanish literary work, Don Quixote, was also published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world's third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, with the world's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a member of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the North ...
Spain | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Spain
00:04:30 1 Etymology
00:07:07 2 History
00:09:00 2.1 Prehistory and pre-Roman peoples
00:10:46 2.2 Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom
00:13:46 2.3 Middle Ages: Muslim era and Reconquista
00:21:18 2.4 Spanish Empire
00:29:55 2.5 Liberalism, labour movement and nation state
00:34:42 2.6 Second Spanish Republic
00:36:53 2.7 Spanish Civil War and Francoist Spain
00:39:05 2.8 Restoration of democracy
00:45:14 3 Geography
00:46:47 3.1 Islands
00:47:40 3.2 Mountains and rivers
00:48:55 3.3 Climate
00:52:13 3.4 Fauna and flora
00:52:59 4 Politics
00:55:06 4.1 Government
00:57:29 4.2 Human rights
00:58:22 4.3 Administrative divisions
00:59:14 4.3.1 Autonomous communities
01:02:40 4.3.2 Provinces and municipalities
01:03:51 4.4 Foreign relations
01:08:04 4.5 Military
01:08:34 4.6 Ecology
01:09:49 5 Economy
01:12:51 5.1 Agriculture
01:15:33 5.2 Tourism
01:16:23 5.3 Energy
01:17:45 5.4 Transport
01:20:24 5.5 Science and technology
01:21:05 6 Demographics
01:24:08 6.1 Urbanisation
01:24:27 6.2 Peoples
01:25:30 6.3 Minority groups
01:26:38 6.4 Immigration
01:29:46 6.5 Languages
01:31:53 6.6 Education
01:33:09 6.7 Health
01:33:42 6.8 Religion
01:38:46 7 Culture
01:39:34 7.1 World Heritage Sites
01:45:31 7.2 Literature
01:51:15 7.3 Philosophy
01:52:24 7.4 Art
01:53:51 7.5 Sculpture
01:55:13 7.6 Cinema
01:56:18 7.7 Architecture
01:58:02 7.8 Music and dance
01:59:57 7.9 Fashion
02:00:22 7.10 Cuisine
02:01:52 7.11 Sport
02:03:55 7.12 Public holidays and festivals
02:05:29 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving only a handful of small Christian realms in the north, lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconqu ...
Timeline of the history of Gibraltar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of the history of Gibraltar
00:00:12 1 Prehistoric
00:01:54 2 Ancient
00:02:51 3 Muslim rule
00:08:06 4 Castilian/Spanish rule
00:14:38 5 The War of the Spanish Succession
00:15:52 5.1 The Gibraltar capture
00:22:40 5.2 The first Spanish siege (Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar)
00:24:24 5.3 During the rest of the war
00:26:02 6 British rule
00:26:11 6.1 Treaty of Utrecht
00:27:38 6.2 Until the Peninsular Wars
00:35:25 6.3 Until the Second World War
00:39:45 6.4 Second World War and after
00:55:00 6.5 Twenty-first century
01:03:46 7 See also
01:04:00 8 Notes
01:04:08 9 Bibliography
01:05:21 10 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Gibraltar portrays how The Rock gained an importance and a reputation far exceeding its size, influencing and shaping the people who came to reside here over the centuries.
Gibraltar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gibraltar
00:01:28 1 History
00:01:37 1.1 Prehistory and Ancient History
00:03:22 1.2 Middle Ages
00:04:48 1.3 Modern Era
00:07:18 1.4 Contemporary history
00:10:06 2 Governance
00:13:34 3 Geography
00:15:13 3.1 Climate
00:16:32 3.2 Flora and fauna
00:18:26 3.3 Environment
00:18:49 4 Economy
00:22:43 5 Demographics
00:23:21 5.1 Ethnic groups
00:24:14 5.2 Language
00:25:14 5.3 Religion
00:26:50 6 Education
00:28:21 7 Health care
00:28:32 8 Culture
00:33:17 9 Sport
00:35:41 10 Communications
00:36:25 11 Transport
00:38:24 11.1 Air
00:40:56 11.2 Sea
00:41:43 11.3 Rail
00:42:05 12 Water supply and sanitation
00:43:16 13 Police
00:44:45 14 Armed forces
00:47:00 15 Twin towns and sister cities
00:47:11 16 See also
00:47:34 17 Footnotes
00:47:45 18 Bibliography
00:47:55 19 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Gibraltar (; Spanish pronunciation: [xiβɾalˈtaɾ]) is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated city area, home to over 30,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians. It shares a maritime border with Morocco.
In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During World War II it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea, which is only 8 miles (13 km) wide at this naval choke point. It remains strategically important, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through the strait. Today Gibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services and cargo ship refuelling.The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations because Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and, in a 2002 referendum, the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected.