Lviv National Museum
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The Lviv National Museum is one of Ukraine's largest museums, dedicated to Ukrainian culture in all its manifestations.It was established by Metropolitan Archbishop Andrey Sheptytsky in 1905 and was originally known as the Lwow Ecclesiastical Museum.It currently bears Sheptytsky's name.
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Hutsul in Lviv
The Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv • Jan 15 2016
Hutsuls in Lviv part two
Published on Jan 15, 2016
The Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv • Jan 15 2016
St George's Cathedral, Lviv, Ukraine.
According to historical research, the first church that was constructed from wood, dates back to around the year 1280. King Casimir III of Poland was responsible for the destruction of the church in the year 1340. Reconstruction to the Church led to the four-column design, to ensure that the building was strong enough to ward off vandalizing invaders. One of the most momentous occasions that took place in the St. George Cathedral in Lviv, was the proclamation of the Act of Unification, in the year 1700. Metropolitan Athanasius Sheptytsky was responsible for the construction of the final church building in 1746. With Bernard Meretin as the architect and Johann Georg Pinsel as the sculptor, the cathedral was bound to be breathtaking. By 1762, the St. George Cathedral was complete and became the heart of the Greek Catholic religion in the Ukraine. The Cathedral of St. George stands today as Sheptytsky left it and the strong influences of traditional and Western architectural styles were combined to create a breathtaking structure.
The St. George Cathedral in Lviv, is home to one of the most treasured relics, which was brought to the cathedral by Bishop Jiseph Shumlianskyi in 1674. It is the Icon of the Virgin Mary, and is a spectacular and preserved artifact. The interior was decorated with luxurious embellishments created by the local artistic talents of Lviv. Pinsel, the sculptor of the cathedral, created the spectacular St. George (known as the Dragon Slayer) statue. The St. George statue can be viewed in the attic of the cathedral, while the intimidating statues of St. Athanasius and St. Leo protect the portal.
History: UKRAINE
Crimea:
Cossacks helped Russia get Crimea from Turkey 39:43
Donbas (East) 56:55
Crimea turned over to Ukraine 2:16:28
Russia 12:46 / 31:16
UKRAINE - THE BIRTH OF A NATION (2008) / A Jerzy Hoffman Film
1:34 Kyiv (401 - 500)
2:16 Byzantium (330–1453)
2:45 Princess Olga (890 - 969) adopted Christianity
3:28 Chersonesus in Crimea
4:06 Volodymyr the Great (958 - 1015)
4:29 Prince Yaroslav the Wise (978 - 1054)
4:39 Saint Sophia's Cathedral (1100)
5:31 Anna the Queen of France (1030 – 1075)
6:41 Volodymyr II Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yuri Dolgorukiy (1099 - 1157)
7:26 Moscow
7:37 The Mongols
10:16 The Principality of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus
10:49 Lviv
12:37 Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505)
12:46 The myth about Russia
13:07 Crimea
13:53 Roxolana (1502 – 1558)
15:20 serfdom (Polish oppression)
15:40 printing press
17:14 Zaporizhian Sich
18:33 Ukraine replaces the name Rus
18:40 cossack
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 The uniates
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Orthodoxy
23:28 Yarema Vyshnevetsky (1612 – 1651)
23:31 Catholicism
24:54 Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1595 – 1657)
30:04 The Pereyaslav Council -------------------------------------------------1654
34:39 Ivan Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 The Battle of Poltava on 27 June 1709
40:11 Zaporizhian Sich (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
French Revolution--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1789
47:03 Dumy - historical ballads
48:18 Greek Catholic Church banned
48:49 Kyiv University (1833)
49:48 The Order of Basilian Fathers
50:55 Taras Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (age 47)
54:57 Blue and yellow banner
55:45 The Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood
56:32 national liberation movement
56:55 Crimean War ----------------------------------------------------- 1853 to 1856
57:07 Alexander II (1818 - 1881) abolished serfdom
57:26 city of Donetsk (1868)
58:56 Green wedge
59:23 Volodymyr Antonovych (1834 - 1908)
59:28 Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895 )
1:00:42 Lesya Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (aged 42)
1:02:13 The Shevchenko Scientific Society (1873 )
1:11:03 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
1:03:27 Ivan Franko (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 History of Ukraine-Ruthenia
1:04:49 Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) 1:45:42
1:06:31 World War I------------------------------------------------------------------1914
1:07:32 Dmitro Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Russian occupation
1:11:24 Symon Petliura
1:11:24 West Ukrainian People's Republic
1:19:27 Ukrainian Galician Army
1:23:30 Nestor Makhno
1:30:48 The Russian famine ----------------------------------------------------1921
1:41:21 Ukr National Democratic Alliance, (UNDO)
1:42:20 Ukr Sich Riflemen
1:42:43 (UVO) Ukr Military Organization
1:42:51 Yevhen Konovalets
1:43:10 Dmytro Dontsov
1:44:01 The Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:44:52 (1933) Stepan Bandera head of OUN
1:47:07 Avgustyn Voloshyn
1:47:33 Melnyk's and Bandera's
1:39:06 collectivization (1939)
1:38:55 *** ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: !!! ???????????????????? 1:39:33
World War II ----------------------------------------------------------------(1939 - 1945)
1:51:24 The Nachtigall Battalion (Nightingale)
1:51:43 Independent Ukr State
1:44:50 Stepan Bandera (1909 – 1959) -----------------------------------1933
Between Hitler & Stalin: Ukraine in World War II
Wehrmacht Saves Innocent Civilians In Ukraine 1941
1:53:42 Babi Yar
1:55:40 partisan warfare
1:44:01 Organization of Ukr Nationalists (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Shukhevych
1:58:37 Volyn
1:58:57 UPA - Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2:00:04 ethnic cleansing (1943)
2:02:32 SS Galicia Division
2:02:33 Banderavists (Bandera) split of OUN (former UVO) 1:47:26
2:02:25 Melnykovites (Melnyk)
2:02:57 SS Galicia crushed by the Red Army
2:04:51 Nikita Khrushchev
2:05:21 Joseph Stalin
1:39:56 RUSYN replaced the term Ukrainian
2:06:14 Gulag
2:06:31 Yalta
2:10:30 Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła)
2:12:00 The Greek Catholic Church abolishment
2:12:21 Josyf Slipyj (1893 - 1984)
1:49:25 annexation of the Western Ukraine
2:16:33 turning Crimea over to Ukraine
2:18:25 Thaw (early 1950s to the early 1960s)
2:30:09 (April 26 1986) - Chornobyl disaster
2:35:30 Rukh - Movement
2:37:29 (1991) Declaration of Sovereignty of Ukraine
1:13:48 The Ukr People's Republic of 1918 - 1920
2:50:29 The Orange Revolution (2004)
Група aртес: актуалізація спадщини львівського авангарду
Малґожата Радкєвіч (Ягеллонський університет), Тетяна Вуєва (Національний музей ім. Андрея Шептицького), Роман Яців (Львівська національна академія мистецтв), Ірина Мацевко (Центр міської історії)
Група артес: актуалізація спадщини львівського авангарду
20 листопада 2018 р.
Історія групи артес та львівського середовища авангардних митців залишається дотепер маловідомою сторінкою мистецтва України. Група була заснована у Львові наприкінці 1929-го року, після повернення молодих і радикально налаштованих львівських митців з навчання у Модерній Академії Фернана Леже, та інших європейських осередках. Об’єднання включало митців різних спільнот Львова - поляків, євреїв, українців, а його виникнення і діяльність була пов'язана зі світовими мистецькими центрами - передусім Парижем. До групи між іншими входили: Єжи Яніш, Людвік Ліллє, Роман і Маргіт Сельскі (єдині хто запишився у Львові після війни), Хенрик Стренг, Александер Кшивоблоцький, Павло Ковжун, Тадеуш Войцеховський та ін. Історія та спадщина групи артес тепер є спільним надбанням культури України та Польщі.
Проект реалізовано за підтримки Українського культурного фонду та Інституту Адама Міцкевича.
Більше про подію на сайті Центру
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Małgorzata Radkiewicz (Jagellonian University), Tetyana Vuyeva (Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum)
Group Artes: actualization of Avant-Garde heritage in Lviv
November 20, 2018
More at
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church is an Orthodox Church
Preview of remarks by His Beatitude, Sviatoslav Shevchuk, Patriarch of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Святослав Шевчук, єпископ Української греко-католицької церкви), St. Michael's College, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 28 September 2016.
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church has been singled out by the Kremlin as an ultra-nationalist force bent on sowing hatred toward the orthodox culture of Russia. We are called the single greatest impediment to worldwide orthodox catholic reconciliation
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the largest of the Eastern Catholic Churches, is not in any way opposed to the Orthodox Churches. We are an Orthodox Church with theology, liturgy, spirituality, canonical tradition
- Our mission to stand up for those who experience persecution today in Egypt, Syria, and others the Middle East our duty to help them tell their story
Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute of Eastern Christian Studies
Video by UkeTube Ukrainian Video
ZAVTRA_0
The process of installation project at the National Museum in Lviv Andrey Sheptytsky
The second part of the project - exhibition of ethnographic material collected in three cities of Ukraine - Kiev, Lviv, Kharkiv - in the first days of public protests - Euromaidan before the fights on the street. Hrushevskoho in. Kiev and contains documented on canvas representation of citizens about the future path of Ukraine. Optimistic expectations expressed on canvas predictions of what we want to see their country - tomorrow, supplemented with stones fights - yesterday ...
Each of the paintings has the size, shape, and its unique history - caused by organic environment of the city. Thoughts, dreams, expectations, assembled on canvas, now once again a reminder: you creates the future, my country!
Процес монтужу проекту в Національному музеї у Львові імені Андрея Шептицького
Друга частина проекту - експозиція етнографічного матеріалу, зібраного у трьох містах України – Києві, Львові, Харкові - в перші дні громадських протестів – Євромайдану ще до сутичок на вул. Грушевського в м. Києві і містить задокументовані на полотні уявлення громадян про майбутній шлях розвитку України. Оптимістичні очікування, виражені на полотні передбачення того, якою ми хочемо бачити свою країну - завтра, доповнені бруком «сутичок» - вчора…
Кожне з полотен має свій розмір, форму і свою неповторну історію – зумовлену органічним середовищем міста. Думки, мрії, очікування, зібрані на полотнах, сьогодні вчергове служать нагадуванням: ТИ твориш своє майбутнє, свою країну!
Lviv | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:38 1 Names
00:03:20 2 Geography
00:04:38 2.1 Climate
00:05:22 3 History
00:08:16 3.1 Galicia–Volhynia Wars
00:10:40 3.2 Kingdom of Poland
00:15:56 3.3 Habsburg Empire
00:22:09 3.3.1 First World War
00:23:02 3.4 Polish–Ukrainian War
00:26:51 3.5 Interbellum period
00:29:35 3.6 World War II and the Soviet incorporation
00:31:13 3.7 German occupation
00:35:32 3.8 Liberation from Nazis
00:37:37 3.9 Post-war Soviet Union
00:42:14 3.10 Independent Ukraine
00:43:14 4 Administrative division
00:44:17 5 Demographics
00:45:18 5.1 Historical populations
00:49:48 5.2 The ethnic Polish population
00:51:39 5.3 The Jewish population
00:54:42 6 Economy
01:00:12 6.1 Information technology
01:02:53 7 Culture
01:04:19 7.1 Architecture
01:05:51 7.2 Monuments
01:08:19 7.3 Religion
01:08:55 7.3.1 Christianity
01:10:51 7.3.2 Judaism
01:12:25 7.4 Arts
01:15:13 7.5 Theatre and opera
01:16:59 7.6 Museums and art galleries
01:19:01 7.7 Music
01:23:41 7.8 Universities and academia
01:26:35 7.9 Mathematics
01:27:39 7.10 Print and media
01:31:40 7.11 In cinema and literature
01:33:41 7.12 Parks
01:36:54 7.13 Sport
01:41:52 8 Tourism
01:43:42 9 Popular culture
01:45:34 10 Public transportation
01:48:19 10.1 Railways
01:50:55 10.2 Air transport
01:53:46 10.3 Bicycle lanes
01:55:55 11 Education
01:58:00 11.1 Universities
01:59:45 12 Notable people
01:59:54 12.1 Writers and authors
02:01:45 12.2 Musicians and composers
02:03:12 12.3 Philosophers, scholars, and doctors
02:04:57 12.4 Chess and gaming
02:05:43 12.5 Actors, singers, and directors
02:06:47 12.6 Painters
02:07:36 12.7 Military leaders
02:08:08 12.8 Government officials and politicians
02:09:04 12.9 Clergy
02:10:46 12.10 Sports
02:11:33 13 International relations
02:11:43 13.1 Twin towns and sister cities
02:11:54 14 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.8838144945354984
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів [lʲwiu̯] (listen); Old East Slavic: Львіхород; Polish: Lwów [lvuf] (listen); Russian: Львов, romanized: Lvov [lʲvof]; German: Lemberg; Latin: Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of 724,713 as of January 2019. Lviv is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.
Named in honour of Leo, the eldest son of Daniel, King of Ruthenia, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (also called the Kingdom of Ruthenia) from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great who then became known as the King of Poland and Ruthenia. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, for a short time, it was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was the centre of the Lwów Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic.
After the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Lviv became part of the Soviet Union, and in 1944–46 there was a population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine. In 1991, it became part of the independent nation of Ukraine.
Administratively, Lviv serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and has the status of city of oblast significance.
Lviv was the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia. The historical heart of the city, with its old buildings and cobblestone streets, survived Soviet and German occupations during World War II largely unscathed. The city has many industries and institutions of higher education such as Lviv University and Lviv Polytechnic. Lviv is also the home of many cultural institutions, including a philharmonic orchestra and the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet. The histori ...
Коли святі усміхаються / When the saints are smiling
Промо відео для виставки Коли святі усміхаються в Національному музеї імені Андрея Шептицького у Львові 2016 року. Художник і мистецтвознавець Роман Зілінко разом із художником Остапом Лозинським підготували експозицію, що налічувала 170 ікон народних ікон другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст, які походять з Буковини, Гуцульщини та Покуття.
Музика - гуцульська колядка В НЕДІЛЮ РАНО ЗЕЛЕНЕ ВИНО
Анімація: Ярина Бутковська
Звук: Андрій Зелений
I SAY film
Promo video for an exhibition When the Saints are smiling in The Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv on 2016. Art historian Roman Zilinko, and Ostap Lozynsky (artist) , have prepared an exhibition of 170 icons of the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries from Bukovyna, Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttya.
The song is a Hutsul carol On Sunday morning.
Animation: Yarina Butkovska
Sound: Andriy Zelenyi
I SAY film
Historia Ukrainy (z napisami i tłumaczeniem)
o Krymie:
39:43 Kozacy pomogli Rosji wygrać Krym z Turcji
56:55 Donbass 2:16:28 Krym zostaje przeniesiony na Ukrainę
o Rosji 12:46 / 31:16
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????: 1:47:38
NARODZINY NARODU (2008) Jerzy Hoffman
1:34 Kijów (401-500)
2:16 Bizancjum (330-1453)
2:45 Księżniczka Olga (890 - 969) akceptuje chrześcijaństwo
3:28 Chersonese
4:06 Wołodymyr Wielki (958 - 1015)
4:29 Jarosław Mądry (978-1054)
4:39 Katedra Św. Zofii (1100)
5:31 Anna - królowa Francji (1030-1075)
18:41 Vladimir Monomakh (1053-1125)
7:20 Yu Dolgoruky (1099-1157)
7:26 Moskwa
7:37 Mongołowie
10:16 Księstwo Gal-Vol lub Królestwo Rosji
10:49 Lwów
Termin MALOROSCIA: początek XIV wieku
12:37 Iwan III Grozny (1440-1505)
12:46 Mit o Rosji
13:07 Krym
13:53 Roksolana (1502 - 1558)
15:20 Polskie pańszczyzna
17:14 Zaporizhzhya Sich
18:33 UKR zmienia nazwę RUS
18:40 Kozak
20:15 Brest Union
20:18 Unici - wschodni katolicy Kościoła
21:08 Hetman Sagaidachny (1570 - 1622)
23:05 Prawosławie
23:28 Jestem Vishnevetsky (1612 - 1651)
23:31 Katolicyzm
24:54 B Chmielnicki (1595 - 1657)
30:04 Perejasław Rada 1654
34:39 I Mazepa (1639 - 1709)
37:06 Bitwa pod Połtawą (1709)
40:11 Sycz w Zaporożu (1552-1709)
40:27 Solovki
- Rewolucja Franza (1789)
48:18 jest zabronione przez Kościół greckokatolicki
48:49 Uniwersytet Kijowski (1833)
50:55 T. Shevchenko (1814 - 1861) (47 lat)
54:57 niebiesko-żółta flaga
55:45 Bractwo Cyryla i Metodego
56:32 ruch wyzwolenia narodowego
56:55 Krymska wojna (1853-1856)
57:07 Aleksander II (1818 - 1881) znosi poddaństwo
57:26 Donieck (1868)
58:56 Zielony klin
59:23 W Antonowiczu (1834 - 1908)
59:28 M Drahomanov (1841-1895)
1:00:42 L Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) (42 lata)
1:02:13 NTSh (1873)
1:11:03 M Grushevsky
1:03:27 I Franco (1856 - 1916)
1:04:22 Historia Ukr-Rus
1:04:49 Metropolitan A Sheptytsky (1865 - 1944) świadomość narodowa na emigracji
1:06:31 Pierwsza wojna światowa z 1914 roku
1:07:32 Dontsov (1883 - 1973)
1:07:57 (1914) Rosyjska okupacja
1:11:24 Z Petliurą
1:11:24 Zah-ukr Nara Response ZUNR
1:19:27 Ukr Galicyjska Armia
1:30:48 Ros. głód (1921)
1:41:21 HOLODOMOR (1932-1933) 11 000 000 ofiar
1:45:55 (1937-1938) zostały wykonane aresztowania - Gułag
1:46:54 niszczenie ukr ident
1:49:11 Ukr Sojusz Narodów Demokratycznych (UNDO)
1:42:20 Strzelec Ukr Sich
1:50:49 (UFO) Ukr Army Org (Praga) Istnieją Konovalety
1:51:19 D Dontsov - ideolog z ukr. nacjonalizm
1:52:00 (młodzież) UWO jest członkiem -: Org Ukr Nat (OUN)
1:52:52 (w Polsce w 1933 r.) Wraz z Banderą zostaje szefem OUN
1:55:03 I Wołoszyn
1:55:27 Upadek Karpaty-Ukrainy dzieli OUN na dwie frakcje: Melnikovtsev i Banderivtsi 1:56:11
Druga wojna światowa (1939-1945)
1:59:17 ślady NKWD - Batalion Nachtigall (słowika-Bandera) 1:51:43 Niezależny Ukr. Państwo
1:44:50 Bandera (1909 - 1959)
1:53:42 Babin Yar
1:55:40 Wojna partyzancka
1:44:01 Organizacja nacjonalistów Ukr (OUN)
1:57:42 Roman Szuachewicz
1:58:37 Wołyń
1:58:57 UPA - Ukraińska Armia Powstańcza
2:00:04 czystki etniczne (1943)
2:02:32 SS Dywizja Galicyjska
1:39:56 RUSIN zmienia termin ukraiński
2:06:14 Gułag 2:06:31 Jałta
2:10:30 Operacja Wisła
2:12:00 Anulowanie Kościoła greckokatolickiego
1:49:25 aneksja Zach Ukr
2:16:33 Powrót Krymu na Ukrainę
2:18:25 Odwilż (1950-1960)
2:30:09 (26 kwietnia 1986) - Katastrofa w Czarnobylu
2:35:30 Ruch
2:37:29 (1991) Niezależność
2:50:29 Pomarańczowa rewolucja (2004)
Catholic Social Thought and Democratic Civil Society in Ukraine
For more on this event, visit:
For more on the Berkley Center, visit:
October 25, 2019 | For decades the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church has been at the forefront of the struggles for independence and democratic civil society in Ukraine. In this lecture, Archbishop Borys Gudziak, the newly enthroned metropolitan archbishop of Philadelphia, examined the role of Catholic social thought in the engagement of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in public life in Ukraine and throughout the Ukrainian diaspora.
A native of Syracuse, New York, who previously served as bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy in Paris, Archbishop Gudziak is the founder, long-time rector, and now president of Ukrainian Catholic University (UCU) in L’viv, Ukraine. This public lecture serves as the culmination of a UCU delegation’s week-long visit to Georgetown University.
HalynaMyroslavaOn Slopes of the Night'/ ГалинаМирослава На схилах ночі
Thanks to Oleksa Novakivsky or Olexa Novakivskyi, Олекса Новаківський, a famous Ukrainian painter and educator.
Novakivsky, Oleksa [Novakivs'kyj], b 14 March 1872 in Slobodo-Obodivka (now Nova Obodivka), Olhopil county, Podilia gubernia,now Vinnytsya Region, d 29 August 1935 in Lviv. He studied painting under F. Klymenko in Odesa (1888--92) and at the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts (1892--3, 1895--1900). After graduating with a gold medal he lived in Mogiła (now Nowa Huta), near Cracow, where he devoted himself to landscape painting. Having attracted Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky as his patron he moved to Lviv in 1913 and founded the Novakivsky Art School there in 1923. Solo exhibitions of his works were held in Cracow in 1911 and in Lviv in 1920 and 1921. Novakivsky also exhibited at shows of the Society for the Advancement of Ruthenian Art, the Society of Friends of Ukrainian Scholarship, Literature, and Art, the Association of Independent Ukrainian Artists, and his school. During his Cracow period he painted portraits, landscapes, still lifes, and genre scenes in a naturalistic, impressionist style that resembled that of Polish contemporaries, such as Jan Stanisławski, J. Malczewski, and Stanisław Wyspiański. During his early Lviv period his style evolved under the impact of the First World War to become more symbolic and expressionist, as in works such as The War Madonna (1916), St. George's Cathedral (1916), and Self-Caricature (1919). He did many portraits, including ones of Metropolitan Sheptytsky (Metropolitan Sheptytsky,, 1924), Moses, Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl, Oleksa Dovbush, and Oleksander Barvinsky. In the 1920s his colors grew more vivid, and his lines more dynamic. Landscapes such as St. George's Cathedral (1921--2), Fairy Tale about the Hutsul Region (1927), and Mount Grehit (1934), the canvas Moloch of War (1919), his self-portraits (such as Self-portrait, 1918), and portraits such as Dovbush (1931) and O. Barvinsky (1932) are fully expressionist in style. Novakivsky's oeuvre consists of over 500 oils, many of them unfinished. A memorial museum dedicated to him and his works was opened in Lviv in 1972.
Halyna Myroslava On slopes of the Night
Галина Мирослава На схилах ночі
Poland in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:24 1 Before the war
00:05:33 1.1 Rearmament and first annexations
00:08:13 1.2 Aftermath of the Munich Agreement
00:10:39 1.3 Military alliances
00:13:41 2 German and Soviet invasions of Poland
00:13:53 2.1 German invasion
00:23:25 2.2 Soviet invasion
00:25:55 2.3 End of campaign
00:29:05 3 Occupation of Poland
00:29:15 3.1 German-occupied Poland
00:40:30 3.2 Soviet-occupied Poland
00:52:10 3.3 Collaboration with the occupiers
00:58:02 4 Resistance in Poland
00:58:12 4.1 Armed resistance and the Underground State
01:02:53 4.2 After Operation Barbarossa
01:06:19 4.3 Operation Tempest and the Warsaw Uprising
01:15:00 5 The Holocaust in Poland
01:15:11 5.1 Jews in Poland
01:17:02 5.2 Nazi persecution and elimination of ghettos
01:19:32 5.3 Extermination of Jews
01:23:09 5.4 Efforts to save Jews
01:24:55 6 Polish-Ukrainian conflict
01:25:05 6.1 Background
01:27:01 6.2 Ethnic cleansing
01:29:56 7 Government-in-Exile, communist victory
01:30:07 7.1 Polish government in France and Britain
01:34:19 7.2 Polish Army's evacuation from the Soviet Union
01:37:10 7.3 In the shadow of Soviet offensive, death of Prime Minister Sikorski
01:40:49 7.4 Decline of Government-in-Exile
01:46:06 7.5 Soviet and Polish-communist victory
01:50:58 8 Polish state reestablished with new borders and under Soviet domination
01:51:12 8.1 Poland's war losses
01:53:51 8.2 Beginnings of communist government
01:57:01 8.3 Allied determinations
02:00:38 8.4 Persecution of opposition
02:05:04 8.5 Soviet-controlled Polish state
02:09:17 9 See also
02:09:45 10 Notes
02:09:54 11 Citations
02:10:04 12 Bibliography
02:10:13 13 External links
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SUMMARY
=======
The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German-Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, all of Poland was occupied by Germany. Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. According to the Institute of National Remembrance estimates, about 5.6 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 died as a result of the Soviet occupation. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered as part of the Holocaust. Jews, Poles, Romani people and prisoners of many other ethnicities were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both Nazi German and Soviet persecution. The Germans killed an estimated two million ethnic Poles. They had future plans to turn the remaining majority of Poles into slave labor and annihilate those perceived as “undesirable” as part of the wider Generalplan Ost. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of Poles and to a lesser extent Ukrainians were perpetrated in western Ukraine (prewar Polish Kresy) from 1943. The Poles were murdered by Ukrainian nationalists.
In September 1939, the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. General Władysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement Polish Government-in-Exile was soon formed. After the fall of France, the government was evacuated to Britain. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted an ...
History of Poland (1939–45) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Poland (1939–45)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German-Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the Axis attack on the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, all of Poland was occupied by Germany. Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. According to the Institute of National Remembrance estimates, about 5.6 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 died as a result of the Soviet occupation. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered as part of the Holocaust. Jews, Poles, Romani people and prisoners of many other ethnicities were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both Nazi German and Soviet persecution. The Germans killed an estimated two million ethnic Poles. They had future plans to turn the remaining majority of Poles into slave labor and annihilate those perceived as “undesirable” as part of the wider Generalplan Ost. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of Poles and to a lesser extent Ukrainians were perpetrated in western Ukraine (prewar Polish Kresy) from 1943. The Poles were murdered by Ukrainian nationalists.
In September 1939, the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. General Władysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement Polish Government-in-Exile was soon formed. After the fall of France, the government was evacuated to Britain. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted and fought alongside the Western Allies in France, Britain and elsewhere. Resistance movement began organizing in Poland in 1939, soon after the invasions. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network of organizations and activities and became known as the Home Army. The whole clandestine structure was formally directed by the Government-in-Exile through its delegation resident in Poland. There were also peasant, right-wing, leftist, Jewish and Soviet partisan organizations. Among the failed anti-German uprisings were the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. The aim of the Warsaw Uprising was to prevent domination of Poland by the Soviet Union.
In order to cooperate with the Soviet Union, after Operation Barbarossa an important war ally of the West, Sikorski negotiated in Moscow with Joseph Stalin and they agreed to form a Polish army in the Soviet Union, intended to fight on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviets. The Anders' Army was instead taken to the Middle East and then to Italy. Further efforts to continue the Polish-Soviet cooperation had failed because of disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski. Afterwards, in a process seen by many Poles as a Western betrayal, the Polish Government-in-Exile gradually ceased being a recognized partner in the Allied coalition.
Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London by empowering the Polish communists. Among Polish communist organizations established during the war were the Polish Workers' Party in occupied Poland and the Union of Polish Patriots in Moscow. A new Polish army was formed in the Soviet Union ...