Carriage House Efficiency Apartment. Montpelier, VT
2014 Project
Whitney Plantation museum confronts painful history of slavery
The first museum in America dedicated entirely to slavery opened a few months ago in Wallace, Louisiana. Michelle Miller visits the museum and found a surprising history, not only about the plantation, but her own family.
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts USA
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts USA
***********************
#DrSeuss
Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel) born in Springfield, Massachusetts on March 2, 1904 was an American writer, cartoonist, animator, book publisher, and artist best known for authoring children's books.
The Pocket Book of Boners - 1931
The Cat in the Hat- 1957
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! - 1957
Green Eggs and Ham - 1960
The Lorax - 1971
Oh, the Places You'll Go! - 1990
#HowtheGrinchStoleChristmas! is a children's story by Theodor Dr. Seuss Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author. It follows #theGrinch a grouchy, solitary creature, his only companion is his unloved, but loyal dog, Max. The #Grinch attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas-themed items from the homes of the nearby town Whoville on Christmas Eve. Despite his efforts, Whoville's inhabitants still celebrate the holiday, so the Grinch returns everything that he stole and is the guest of honor at the Whos' Christmas dinner.
The #CatintheHat is a children's story that centers on a tall anthropomorphic cat, who wears a red and white-striped hat and a red bow tie. The Cat shows up at the house of Sally and her unnamed brother one rainy day when their mother is away. Ignoring repeated objections from the children's fish, the Cat shows the children a few of his tricks in an attempt to entertain them.
Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden – amidst the Quadrangle, there are large, bronze statues of characters from Springfield native Dr. Seuss's books.
Springfield is home to five distinct museums at the Quadrangle, along with the ornate Springfield Public Library – an architecturally significant example of the City Beautiful movement. The Quadrangle's five distinct collections include the first American-made planetarium, designed and built (1937) by Frank Korkosz; the Dr Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden; the largest collection of Chinese cloisonne outside of China; and the original casting of Augustus Saint Gaudens's most famous sculpture, Puritan.
*******************************
The Big E – also known as The Eastern States Exposition, it is New England's collective, annual state fair. Held on a permanent fairgrounds approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Springfield's Metro Center, across the ornate Memorial Bridge in West Springfield, it attracts more than 1 million visitors per year during its 14- to 17-day run beginning in mid-September.
*****************
Origin of the Name Massachusetts - Massachusetts was named for an Algonquian Indian word that means a big hill place.
State Nickname - Bay State
State Motto - Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem - ( By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty)
State Song - All Hail to Massachusetts
State bird - Black-Capped Chickadee
State Game Bird - Wild Turkey
State Fish - Cod
State Dog - Boston terrier
State flower - Mayflower (also called the ground laurel or trailing arbutus)
(Epigaea regens)
State tree - American elm
**************************
2-Days Springfield, Montpelier Vermont Maple tour from New York
Tour Code: 755-4783
Booked through TakeTours
Service provided by L & L Travel
Visiting:
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts
Riverdale Shops lunch break in West Springfield, Massachusetts
Morse Farm Maple Sugarworks in Montpelier, Vermont
Scenic New England Fall Foliage bus drive through Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont
Diner break and shopping in South Burlington Vermont
Holiday Inn Burlington overnight stay in South Burlington Vermont
Quechee Gorge in Hartford, Vermont
Montpelier, the capital of Vermont
Vermont State House in Montpelier, Vermont
Stowe Mountain gondola skyride in Stowe, Vermont
Ben & Jerry's Factory in Waterbury, Vermont
West Lebanon, New Hampshire lunch break
Connecticut - Welcome Center visit
**************************
hashtag / metadata tags
#Springfield #SpringfieldMA #SpringfieldMass #SpringfieldMassachusetts #Massachusetts #Mass #Ma #CommonwealthofMassachusetts #CommonwealthMassachusetts #Commonwealth #NewEngland #Massachusettsan #BayStater #Massachusite #MassachusettsBayColony
#NewEngland #VisitNewEngland #US #USA
HD Video
Springfield city, Hampden County, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts state, New England region, USA The United States of America country, North America continent
October 15th 2016
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts USA
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts USA
***********************
#DrSeuss
Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel) born in Springfield, Massachusetts on March 2, 1904 was an American writer, cartoonist, animator, book publisher, and artist best known for authoring children's books.
The Pocket Book of Boners - 1931
The Cat in the Hat- 1957
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! - 1957
Green Eggs and Ham - 1960
The Lorax - 1971
Oh, the Places You'll Go! - 1990
#HowtheGrinchStoleChristmas! is a children's story by Theodor Dr. Seuss Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author. It follows #theGrinch a grouchy, solitary creature, his only companion is his unloved, but loyal dog, Max. The #Grinch attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas-themed items from the homes of the nearby town Whoville on Christmas Eve. Despite his efforts, Whoville's inhabitants still celebrate the holiday, so the Grinch returns everything that he stole and is the guest of honor at the Whos' Christmas dinner.
The #CatintheHat is a children's story that centers on a tall anthropomorphic cat, who wears a red and white-striped hat and a red bow tie. The Cat shows up at the house of Sally and her unnamed brother one rainy day when their mother is away. Ignoring repeated objections from the children's fish, the Cat shows the children a few of his tricks in an attempt to entertain them.
Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden – amidst the Quadrangle, there are large, bronze statues of characters from Springfield native Dr. Seuss's books.
Springfield is home to five distinct museums at the Quadrangle, along with the ornate Springfield Public Library – an architecturally significant example of the City Beautiful movement. The Quadrangle's five distinct collections include the first American-made planetarium, designed and built (1937) by Frank Korkosz; the Dr Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden; the largest collection of Chinese cloisonne outside of China; and the original casting of Augustus Saint Gaudens's most famous sculpture, Puritan.
*******************************
The Big E – also known as The Eastern States Exposition, it is New England's collective, annual state fair. Held on a permanent fairgrounds approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Springfield's Metro Center, across the ornate Memorial Bridge in West Springfield, it attracts more than 1 million visitors per year during its 14- to 17-day run beginning in mid-September.
*****************
Origin of the Name Massachusetts - Massachusetts was named for an Algonquian Indian word that means a big hill place.
State Nickname - Bay State
State Motto - Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem - ( By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty)
State Song - All Hail to Massachusetts
State bird - Black-Capped Chickadee
State Game Bird - Wild Turkey
State Fish - Cod
State Dog - Boston terrier
State flower - Mayflower (also called the ground laurel or trailing arbutus)
(Epigaea regens)
State tree - American elm
**************************
2-Days Springfield, Montpelier Vermont Maple tour from New York
Tour Code: 755-4783
Booked through TakeTours
Service provided by L & L Travel
Visiting:
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts
Riverdale Shops lunch break in West Springfield, Massachusetts
Morse Farm Maple Sugarworks in Montpelier, Vermont
Scenic New England Fall Foliage bus drive through Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont
Diner break and shopping in South Burlington Vermont
Holiday Inn Burlington overnight stay in South Burlington Vermont
Quechee Gorge in Hartford, Vermont
Montpelier, the capital of Vermont
Vermont State House in Montpelier, Vermont
Stowe Mountain gondola skyride in Stowe, Vermont
Ben & Jerry's Factory in Waterbury, Vermont
West Lebanon, New Hampshire lunch break
Connecticut - Welcome Center visit
**************************
hashtag / metadata tags
#Springfield #SpringfieldMA #SpringfieldMass #SpringfieldMassachusetts #Massachusetts #Mass #Ma #CommonwealthofMassachusetts #CommonwealthMassachusetts #Commonwealth #NewEngland #Massachusettsan #BayStater #Massachusite #MassachusettsBayColony
#NewEngland #VisitNewEngland #US #USA
HD Video
Springfield city, Hampden County, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts state, New England region, USA The United States of America country, North America continent
October 15th 2016
Border crossing into Connecticut from Massachusetts USA
Border crossing into Connecticut from Massachusetts USA
***********************
Origin of the Name Massachusetts - Massachusetts was named for an Algonquian Indian word that means a big hill place.
State Nickname - Bay State
State Motto - Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem - ( By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty)
State Song - All Hail to Massachusetts
State bird - Black-Capped Chickadee
State Game Bird - Wild Turkey
State Fish - Cod
State Dog - Boston terrier
State flower - Mayflower (also called the ground laurel or trailing arbutus)
(Epigaea regens)
State tree - American elm
**************************
2-Days Springfield, Montpelier Vermont Maple tour from New York
Tour Code: 755-4783
Booked through TakeTours
Service provided by L & L Travel
Visiting:
The Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in Springfield, Massachusetts
Riverdale Shops lunch break in West Springfield, Massachusetts
Morse Farm Maple Sugarworks in Montpelier, Vermont
Scenic New England Fall Foliage bus drive through Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont
Diner break and shopping in South Burlington Vermont
Holiday Inn Burlington overnight stay in South Burlington Vermont
Quechee Gorge in Hartford, Vermont
Montpelier, the capital of Vermont
Vermont State House in Montpelier, Vermont
Stowe Mountain gondola skyride in Stowe, Vermont
Ben & Jerry's Factory in Waterbury, Vermont
West Lebanon, New Hampshire lunch break
Connecticut - Welcome Center visit
**************************
hashtag / metadata tags
#Springfield #SpringfieldMA #SpringfieldMass #SpringfieldMassachusetts #Massachusetts #Mass #Ma #CommonwealthofMassachusetts #CommonwealthMassachusetts #Commonwealth #NewEngland #Massachusettsan #BayStater #Massachusite #MassachusettsBayColony
#NewEngland #VisitNewEngland #US #USA
HD Video
Springfield city, Hampden County, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts state, New England region, USA The United States of America country, North America continent
October 15th 2016
WV 2012 State of the State Address - Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin
CHARLESTON, W.Va. --Governor Earl Ray Tomblin today delivered the 2012 State of the State Address in the House Chamber at the State Capitol January 11, 2012.
Wardour on the Severn - 226 Wardour Drive, Annapolis, Maryland 21401
Elegant home on the Severn River w/ expansive water views & deep water pier. Completely renovated & meticulously maintained 5,000 sq. ft. residence with manicured grounds. Separate guest quarters above 3 car garage. Master suite with fireplace, sitting area, waterside porch, office, dressing room & spacious bath. Library with custom mahogany details and fireplace. 280' pier with 6' depth, 2 lifts,100 ft. slip & mooring. Excellent location in West Annapolis convenient to City Dock, Navy Stadium, the U.S. Naval Academy and St. John's College. Presented by Georgie Berkinshaw, 443-994-4456
Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage, Annapolis Church Circle, 410-263-8686
Video Production by RealPatience.com
Axis powers | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Axis powers
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Axis powers (German: Achsenmächte; Italian: Potenze dell'Asse; Japanese: 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allies. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.
The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term Axis. The almost simultaneous second step was the signing in November 1936 of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty between Germany and Japan. Italy joined the Pact in 1937. The Rome–Berlin Axis became a military alliance in 1939 under the so-called Pact of Steel, with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany, Italy and Japan.
At its zenith during World War II, the Axis presided over territories that occupied large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia. There were no three-way summit meetings and cooperation and coordination was minimal, with slightly more between Germany and Italy. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of their alliance. As in the case of the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, with some nations switching sides or changing their degree of military involvement over the course of the war.
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:54 1 Crew
00:03:00 2 Debris strike during launch
00:07:52 3 Flight risk management
00:14:41 4 Re-entry timeline
00:25:32 5 Crew survivability aspects
00:27:57 6 Presidential response
00:28:41 7 Recovery of debris
00:32:18 7.1 Crew cabin video
00:33:05 8 Investigation
00:33:14 8.1 Initial investigation
00:34:36 8.2 Columbia Accident Investigation Board
00:37:30 8.3 Conclusions
00:40:23 8.4 Other contributing factors
00:41:01 8.5 Possible emergency procedures
00:44:10 9 Memorials
00:52:34 10 Effect on space programs
00:56:48 11 Sociocultural aftermath
00:56:58 11.1 Fears of terrorism
00:57:30 11.2 Purple streak image
00:57:59 11.3 2003 iArmageddon/i film hoax
00:58:35 11.4 Music
01:00:51 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon reentering Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven crew members. The disaster was the second fatal accident in the Space Shuttle program after Space Shuttle Challenger, which broke apart and killed the seven-member crew 73 seconds after liftoff in 1986.
During the launch of STS-107, Columbia's 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing of the orbiter. A few previous shuttle launches had seen damage ranging from minor to nearly catastrophic from foam shedding, but some engineers suspected that the damage to Columbia was more serious. NASA managers limited the investigation, reasoning that the crew could not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed. When Columbia re-entered the atmosphere of Earth, the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate the heat shield and destroy the internal wing structure, which caused the spacecraft to become unstable and break apart.After the disaster, Space Shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years, as they had been after the Challenger disaster. Construction of the International Space Station (ISS) was put on hold; the station relied entirely on the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation for resupply for 29 months until Shuttle flights resumed with STS-114 and 41 months for crew rotation until STS-121.
Several technical and organizational changes were made, including adding a thorough on-orbit inspection to determine how well the shuttle's thermal protection system had endured the ascent, and keeping a designated rescue mission ready in case irreparable damage was found. Except for one final mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope, subsequent shuttle missions were flown only to the ISS so that the crew could use it as a haven in case damage to the orbiter prevented safe reentry.
Kentucky | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kentucky
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kentucky ( (listen) kən-TUK-ee), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Although styled as the State of Kentucky in the law creating it, Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States.
Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky, which houses two of its major cities, Louisville and Lexington. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park, the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States, and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River.
Kentucky is also known for horse racing, bourbon distilleries, moonshine, coal, the My Old Kentucky Home historic national park, automobile manufacturing, tobacco, bluegrass music, college basketball, and Kentucky Fried Chicken.
Kentucky | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kentucky
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Kentucky ( (listen) kən-TUK-ee), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Although styled as the State of Kentucky in the law creating it, Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States.
Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky, which houses two of its major cities, Louisville and Lexington. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park, the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States, and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River.
Kentucky is also known for horse racing, bourbon distilleries, moonshine, coal, the My Old Kentucky Home historic national park, automobile manufacturing, tobacco, bluegrass music, college basketball, and Kentucky Fried Chicken.
Old-time music | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Old-time music
00:00:22 1 History
00:00:54 1.1 The term old-time
00:02:09 1.2 Other sources
00:02:39 1.3 Revival
00:03:15 2 Instrumentation
00:07:43 3 Regional styles
00:08:08 3.1 Appalachia
00:13:11 3.2 Native American old-time music
00:13:42 3.3 New England
00:14:36 3.4 Midwest
00:15:17 3.5 Texas and the West
00:16:33 3.6 Canada
00:17:29 4 Contemporary musicians
00:19:32 5 Festivals
00:20:45 6 Old-time music as dance music
00:22:10 7 Learning old-time music
00:23:33 7.1 Appalachia
00:24:37 7.2 Outside Appalachia
00:26:13 8 Films
00:28:02 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Old-time music is a genre of North American folk music. It developed along with various North American folk dances, such as square dancing, clogging, and buck dancing. It is played on acoustic instruments, generally centering on a combination of fiddle and plucked string instruments (most often the guitar and banjo), as well as the mandolin.
M-NCPPC Planning Board Meeting - January 17, 2019
The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission
Planning Board Meeting
Hearing Room, CAB
January 17, 2019
9:30 AM
For more information and documentation on the items discussed in this video please visit
Axis Powers | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Axis Powers
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Axis powers (German: Achsenmächte; Italian: Potenze dell'Asse; Japanese: 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allies. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.
The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term Axis. The almost simultaneous second step was the signing in November 1936 of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty between Germany and Japan. Italy joined the Pact in 1937. The Rome–Berlin Axis became a military alliance in 1939 under the so-called Pact of Steel, with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany, Italy and Japan.
At its zenith during World War II, the Axis presided over territories that occupied large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia. There were no three-way summit meetings and cooperation and coordination was minimal, with slightly more between Germany and Italy. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of their alliance. As in the case of the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, with some nations switching sides or changing their degree of military involvement over the course of the war.