TOLEDO, THE CITY OF THE THREE CULTURES
The Spanish city of Toledo is not only one of the most visited places by tourists from all over the world...it is much more ...A unique place where, throughout the centuries, three very different cultures, as the Jewish, Muslim and Christian created one of the urban treasures of the world.
Sh** Travelers experience (Toledo, Spain)
Sally from @passportandplates discover Toledo's hidden gems and share with you some behind the scenes struggles we go through as travelers. Here's a detailed guide on things to do in Toledo: Click here to learn about Spain's Islamic history:
7th century Visigoth church near Toledo, Spain
An interesting church built in the 7th century during the reign of the Visigoth kings who ruled (misruled?) from 5th century to the Arab invasion which began in 711 AD.
Visigoth museum San Roman Church Toledo
The San Román in Toledo has a steeple built in the mudéjar architectural style in the 13th century. Nearly all the interior walls are covered in colourful Romanesque murals, including portraits of archbishops and a depiction of the Last Judgment. It stands on top of one of the twelve hills of Toledo in one of the oldest parts of the town. It houses the Museo de Arte Visigótico which includes sculptures, tombs, illuminated manuscripts, and gold and silver treasures.
Deciphering Secrets MOOCs: Visigothic Spain (418 – 711 CE)
This introductory lecture explores the Visigoths, a Germanic people, who lived and ruled over Spain (Hispania) from approximately 418 to 711 CE. The lecture discusses King Theodoric I, the Visigothic capital of Toledo, the Codex Euricianus (a legal code addressing family inheritance), the Lex Visigothorum (a legal code that speaks to crime and punishment), and the numismatics (coinage) of King Leovigild and King Reccared.
This video lecture is a part of the Deciphering Secrets series of Massive Open Online Courses by Professor Roger L. Martinez-Davila of the University of Colorado (USA) and the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Learn more about our free Deciphering Secrets MOOCs at decipheringsecrets.com.
This CONEX project has received funding from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement nº 600371, el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (COFUND2013-51509) and Banco Santander.
Places to see in ( Castile La Mancha - Spain ) Toledo San Roman Church
Places to see in ( Castile La Mancha - Spain ) Toledo San Roman Church
The Iglesia de San Román is a church in Toledo. The church built in the Mudéjar architectural style in the 13th century. in the place where before there was an old Visigothic architecture and probably, an Ancient Roman building. It is currently the headquarters of the Museum of the Councils and Visigothic Culture.
It is located in one of the highest and privileged places of the city, in the second of the twelve hills that form it. There is already news of the parish in the 12th century and the church would be consecrated in 1221 by the archbishop Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada. The tradition indicates that in it was crowned king to Alfonso VIII of Castile the August 26 of 1166.
The church presents floor plan with three naves, separated by horseshoe arches with alfiz that support on pillars With Visigoth and Roman columns attached to capitels are reused from Visigothic origin in some cases, distinguishing themselves by its Corinthian leaves.
Throughout 13th century a new apse was constructed and the robust tower (of Toledan Mudéjar style, with its two upper bodies in double bell tower, opening the vanos in groups of two and three, and that would serve as a model for other Toledan towers); In addition to being realized the murals to the fresco in Romanesque painting figurative combined with typically Mudéjar decorations. Of great beauty, these are considered the most southern of Spain. The frescoes are divided into two areas separated by inscriptions. They emphasize the four winged evangelists and the representations of archbishops, the saints Stephen and Lawrence, angels or the Final Judgment.
In the 16th century, Alonso de Covarrubias designed the apse with Plateresque dome of coffers in the main chapel; and later covered the paintings, which lost its traces until the first third of the 20th century in which these were rediscovered. It was not until the 1940s that these were recovered where possible.
( Castile La Mancha - Spain ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Castile La Mancha . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Castile La Mancha - Spain
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TOLEDO - SPAIN & Damasquino (Damascene) Art
TOLEDO is a municipality located in central Spain, 70 km south of Madrid. It is the capital of the province of Toledo. It is also the capital of autonomous community of Castile--La Mancha. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive cultural and monumental heritage as one of the former capitals of the Spanish Empire and place of coexistence of Christian, Muslim and Jewish cultures, as well as the place where harsh religious persecutions were held against the Jews by the Visigoths.
Many famous people and artists were born or lived in Toledo, including Al-Zarqali, Garcilaso de la Vega, Eleanor of Toledo, Alfonso X and El Greco. It was also the place of important historic events such as the Visigothic Councils of Toledo.
History
Having been populated since the Bronze Age, Toledo (Toletum in Latin) grew in importance during Roman times, being a main commercial and administrative centre in the Roman province of Tarraconensis. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Toledo served as the capital city of Visigothic Spain, beginning with Liuvigild (Leovigild), and was the capital of Spain until the Moors conquered Iberia in the 8th century.
Under the Caliphate of Cordoba, Toledo was the center of numerous insurrections dating from 761 to 857. The Banu Qasi gained nominal control of the city until 920 and in 932 Abd-ar-Rahman III captured the city following an extensive siege. Toledo experienced a period known as La Convivencia, i.e. the co-existence of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Under Arab rule, Toledo was called Tulaytulah. After the fall of the Caliphate, Toledo was the capital city of one of the richest Taifas of Al-Andalus. Its population was overwhelmingly Muladi, and, because of its central location in the Iberian Peninsula, Toledo took a central position in the struggles between the Muslim and Christian rulers of northern Spain. The conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI of Castile marked the first time a major city in Al-Andalus had fallen to Christian forces; it served to sharpen the religious aspect of the Christian reconquest.
Source: Wikipedia
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Damascene /Damasquino Art
Damascene Damasquinado de Oro or Damasquino is the art of decorating non-precious metals with gold. It has roots in the Middle Ages and originates from the oriental-style artisan work done in Damascus, Syria. The craft, perfected by the Arabs and brought with them to Spain, has remained virtually unchanged over the centuries.
Damascene items generally reflect two distinct traditional types of patterns; the Arabesque or geometric designs, and the Renaissance motifs, displaying variations of birds and flowers. These patterns are obtained by engraving deep, patterned cuts into steel and then placing a gold foil into the lines of the design. This foil is hammered until the gold (18/greenish and 24/yellow carat) penetrates into the cuts, forming the design. Each piece is treated with a bluing solution to obtain oxidation and a black background is created. The back of all Damascene pieces are finished with gold metal.
Toledo is the world's largest center of production of Damascene. The city of Toledo is one of the richest historically and culturally endowed cities in all of Spain.
Damascening is the art of inlaying different metals into one another—typically, gold or silver into a darkly oxidized steel background—to produce intricate patterns similar to niello. The English term comes from a perceived resemblance to the rich tapestry patterns of damask silk.
The technique has a long history in Japan, where it was used to decorate katana fittings, particularly tsuba. Known as zougan in Japanese, it has developed its own subset of terms to describe the particular patterns, although shippou-zougan is an enamelling technique which most Westerners would consider closer to champlevé.
Damascened-inlay jewelry, especially of Japanese origin, is sometimes referred to as shakudo from the use of that alloy as the dark background.
The technique of niello is also famously attested in prehistoric Greece. The earliest occurrence of damascening in the Aegean, from the Shaft Graves of Mycenae, dates to the latest Middle Bronze Age/Middle Helladic IIIB period (dagger Nu-304). Ultimately of Near Eastern provenance, the technique of inlaying silver/gold was adapted to suit Aegean taste and style.
Cities that are known for a rich history in Damascening where the technique is still practiced are Toledo, Spain, and Kyoto, Japan.
TOLEDO, CONVENTOS.playerbcn1
En Toledo, en realidad, no hay monumentos. Porque lo cierto es que esta maravillosa ciudad es en sí un monumento al completo, y no hay rincón en sus empinadas calles que no merezca un rato de atención. Hasta tal extremo llega la presencia de la historia y el arte en Toledo, que la ciudad entera ha sido declarada Monumento Nacional, posiblemente ante la ingente tarea que suponía catalogar todo su patrimonio... El caso es que Toledo es un destino inexcusable para todos los viajeros interesados en la cultura y el arte, pero también para los amantes de la gastronomía, la animación y la naturaleza.
La ciudad de Toledo fue fundada bajo el nombre de Toletum ya en época romana, y desde entonces han sido muchas las culturas que la han ocupado y han dejado en ella su impronta. En su entorno podemos ver magníficos restos de la época romana, pero también edificaciones visigóticas, aportes de la cultura árabe, hermosos edificios medievales de inspiración judía, mudéjar, románica o gótica, y espectaculares construcciones renacentistas y barrocas. Pasear por Toledo es como hacerlo por la Historia de España;
La pregunta que se hace el cronista es: ¿por dónde empezar a enumerar lugares a visitar en Toledo? Es casi imposible decidir, y más aún intentar condensar en unas pocas líneas la enorme oferta cultural de la ciudad. Hay que olvidarse de esa creencia popular de que una ciudad se ve en un día; por lo menos, no es así en el caso de Toledo. Un fin de semana es más acorde con su oferta, y aún así, nos quedamos cortos... Para empezar, podemos dirigir nuestros pasos a la Catedral de Santa María o Catedral Primada, centro neurálgico de la ciudad antigua. Esta espectacular edificación comenzó siendo un templo románico (se comenzó a construir en el siglo XIII), y se finalizó en el siglo XV con una serie de construcciones de estilo gótico. Este estilo se ve claramente en las puertas y las torres, pero también en su interior. Otros edificios religiosos que no hay que perderse son la Mezquita del Cristo de la Luz, del siglo X; la Iglesia de Santo Tomé; la Sinagoga de Santa María la Blanca; San Juan de los Reyes, con su espectacular claustro; Santo Domingo el Antiguo, convento del siglo XI, y la Iglesia de los Jesuitas, desde cuya torre podremos contemplar una magnífica vista del casco antiguo de la ciudad.
No sólo iglesias podrá contemplar el visitante que acuda a Toledo en busca de la Historia. Los museos pueblan calles y rincones, a cada cual más completo e interesante. El Museo del Greco, el Museo de Santa Cruz (sólo con exposiciones temporales, aunque merece la pena entrar por ver el edificio), el Museo del Ejército, el Museo de los Concilios y la Cultura Visigoda con sede en la Iglesia de San Román; el Museo Sefardí (en la Sinagoga del Tránsito), y por supuesto, la Iglesia de Santo Tomé, en la cual se encuentra el famosísimo lienzo de El Greco El Entierro del Conde de Orgaz. Y ya saliendo un poco de los interiores, podemos dedicarnos a recorrer las calles de toledo en pos de los restos que pueblan sus calles y alrededores. Los romanos dejaron su impronta y podemos contemplar los restos del Circo Romano y el Acueducto, mientras que de la época visigótica se conserva el Castillo de San Servando. De la época árabe se conserva una de las puertas de la Muralla, la Vieja Puerta de la Bisagra, del siglo XIII; las mismas murallas, de época posterior, son de por sí algo a no perderse. Además, Toledo es una ciudad de puentes sobre el río Tajo: el gótico Puente de San Martín y el Puente de Alcántara.
MONASTERIO SAN JUAN DE LOS REYES.
Es de una sola nave con capillas laterales entre los contrafuertes. En su fachada principal destacan las cadenas de prisioneros liberados. Posee un claustro de gótico tardío y la techumbre de la segunda planta es de estilo mudéjar. Su iglesia tiene una sola nave de cúpula estrellada. Destaca también la capilla mayor decorada con escudos de los Reyes Católicos sostenidos por grandes águilas, arcos conopiales y figuras de santos.
Toledo Spain
Toledo has extensive cultural and monumental heritage as one of the former capitals of the Spanish Empire and place of coexistence of Christian, Muslim and Jewish cultures, as well as the place where harsh religious persecutions were held against the Jews. There are separate video clips on the cathedral, the San Roman/Visigoth museum, the synagogues and the monastery.
2010-10 : AAA trip to Toledo - part 5 - Toledo 2
Trip by the Archaeological Association of the Algarve to Toledo Spain. Visiting the Santa Cruz museum and the Visigoth museum.
The Jewish Synagogue in Toledo Spain
The Jewish Synagogue in Toledo Spain
Spain's Golden Age and La Convivencia (Coexistence of the Three Faiths)
May 8, 2014
Spain's Golden Age and La Convivencia are a milieu in Spanish history when Jews, Muslims and Christians had a tacit truce with each other and the arts and architecture flourished. For over 400 years, knowledge & mysticism thrived in the Spanish towns of Toledo, Cordoba, and Granada as teachers in all three disciplines helped one another to learn and understand ancient teachings. A Sephardic Jew raised in the multicultural Izmir, Turkey, Rachel Amado Bortnick discusses this fascinating era.
TOLEDO Spain
Toledo arose over the course of 2,500 years, whose legacy we can observe today in its
streets, monuments and museums.
On the other side of the Tagus River, at the Cerro del Bu archaeological site, remnants
of its origins as a city take us back to its oldest inhabitants, the Carpetani, who dwelled
here during the Bronze Age.
Conquering the city in 192 BC, the Romans renamed it Toletum. Today one can still see
signs of the Empire’s heritage, in the traces of the Roman road, the circus for chariot
races, beams, mosaics and, in Carranque, near Toledo, the villa, it is believed, of
Maternus Cinegius, who served under Emperor Theodosius I.
After the Visigoths’ taking of the city in the 4th century, they established the capital of
their kingdom here, and two centuries later, in 589, Reccared would convene the
Council of Toledo, at which Arianism was rejected and Catholicism was embraced as
the kingdom's faith.
But Visigothic hegemony would only last until 711, when the Moors conquered the
capital. It is to this empire that Toledo owes its current form, including the narrow and
steep streets we walk today, and architectural highlights like the mosques of Cristo de
la Luz, and Tornerías; and the Puerta de Alcantara gate.
The Reconquest reached Toledo in 1085 and, after the Christians' victory, King Alfonso
VI made it the capital of the Kingdom of Castile, wresting this honour from Burgos.
In 1226, Fernando III began construction on the Cathedral of Toledo, on what had been
the city’s Mezquita Mayor, or Main Mosque.
Meanwhile, throughout these centuries of conquest and reconquest, the Jews had
remained in Toledo, also shaping it and leaving us examples of their architecture, such
as the Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca, and that of El Tránsito. This cultural
coexistence would begin to erode in the 14th century, until it was shattered by the
Catholic Monarchs, who decreed the expulsion of the Jews in 1492.
These kings were also responsible for the contruction of the Monasterio de San Juan
de los Reyes, Toledo's quintessential Gothic building. In fact, it was here where they
wished to be buried, though their remains were ultimately laid to rest far from Toledo,
in Granada's Royal Chapel.
In the 16th century, after the revolt of los comuneros against King Charles V, the ruler
wished to show the world the power of the Empire's capital through impressive works
of Renaissance architecture, such as El Alcázar, now an army museum – which would
have a sad moment of prominence during the Spanish Civil War, when rebel troops
resisted the Republican army's siege of the fortress.
Many centuries before this episode, Toledo's hegemony as capital of the kingdom
came to an end when in 1561 the King Felipe II moved the court to Madrid, relegating
Toledo to city of convents and monasteries. It was during this era when the artist that
would forever be associated with the culture of the city moved there: El Greco. It was
here where the painter developed his fullest and most personal style, with works like
the main altarpiece of the church of Santo Domingo el Antiguo, and The Burial of the
Count of Orgaz, which we can view in the church of Santo Tomé.
Today Toledo is the capital of Castilla la Mancha, and a living example of the cultures
that have shaped, over the centuries, the country we are today.
A Walk Around Toledo, Spain
Toledo (Spanish: is a city and municipality located in central Spain, it is the capital of the province of Toledo and the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive cultural and monumental heritage and historical co-existence of Christian, Muslim and Jewish cultures.
Toledo is known as the Imperial City for having been the main venue of the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and as the City of the Three Cultures, having been influenced by a historical co-existence of Christians, Muslims and Jews. Toledo has a history in the production of bladed weapons, which are now popular souvenirs of the city.
People who were born or have lived in Toledo include Brunhilda of Austrasia, Al-Zarqali, Garcilaso de la Vega, Eleanor of Toledo, Alfonso X and El Greco. It was also the place of important historic events such as the Visigothic Councils of Toledo. As of 2015, the city has a population of 83,226 and an area of 232.1 km2 (89.6 sq mi).
Toledo, Spain. HDR
Toledo, Spain, Spain Travel, Travel Videos, Travel, Travel Life
South of Madrid is Toledo. This city on the hill overlooking the Tagus River was the Visigothic capital after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, and later, the Castilian capital.
The castle, the Alcazar of Toledo, once used as a Roman palace in the 3rd century, was later restored under the Spanish kings. Toledo is a rich mixture of Roman, Visigothic, Arab, Christian and Jewish cultures and it adds a blend of colors to the Spanish quilt.
There is an interesting Roman bridge in Toledo, with towers on both side of the river. The city-side tower leads up to the old town, which has an elaborate system of walls, gates and watch towers, some of which date back to the Roman times. This medieval labyrinth leads us to the town center and the cathedral.
The city has a large medieval Jewish quarter with museums in two restored Sephardic synagogues. The first, called El Transito, is a 14th century building, which has a Mudéjar polychrome stucco-work and massive paneled ceiling. The other one, is a 12th century building, converted to a church called Santa Maria La Blanca, is also in Mudéjar style, and looks more like a mosque.
lifestorypictures.com
LA JUDERÍA DE TOLEDO (II)
Visita LAGARTO ROJO, revista cultural de viajes:
Seguimos el recorrido por la antigua judería de Toledo. En esta ocasión pasamos junto a las sinagogas y terminamos en el puente de San Martín.
Roman Circus Toledo Spain
Roman Circus Toledo Spain
Historic City of Toledo (UNESCO/NHK)
Successively a Roman municipium, the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, a fortress of the Emirate of Cordoba, an outpost of the Christian kingdoms fighting the Moors and, in the 16th century, the temporary seat of supreme power under Charles V, Toledo is the repository of more than 2,000 years of history. Its masterpieces are the product of heterogeneous civilizations in an environment where the existence of three major religions -- ...
Source: UNESCO TV / © NHK Nippon Hoso Kyokai
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AS The Archeological Museum of Seville opens up to children with Roman style birthday parties
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A cultural enterprise from Seville, Engranajes Culturales, has found the way to approach the Archaeological Museum of the city to children organizing roman style birthday parties. This museum is specialized in this historical period, being one of the most important in Europe. The birthday kid and the guests are received by Vibia Sabina, wife of the Emperor Adriano, who will guide them through the museum to teach them the secrets of Roman culture.
SPAIN,Toledo City, Things to DO, walking
Toledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive monumental and cultural heritage.
Toledo is known as the Imperial City for having been the main venue of the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and as the City of the Three Cultures for the cultural influences of Christians, Muslims and Jews reflected in its history.
It was also the capital from 542 to 725 AD of the ancient Visigothic kingdom, which followed the fall of the Roman Empire, and the location of historic events such as the Visigothic Councils of Toledo. Toledo has a long history in the production of bladed weapons, which are now popular souvenirs of the city.
Shiny by KV
Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0
Music provided by Music for Creators
Shiny by KV
Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0
Music provided by Music for Creators