Natural Silk Factory
Natural Silk Factory, 691, Colombo Rd, Galle 80280, Sri Lanka, Шри-Ланка
HANDICRAFTS, JEWELERRY AND SILK (SRI LANKA)
Description
Fabric Gallery Sri Lanka Intro
Silk Satin , Sequins , Printed Satin , Shaded Pure Silk , Ghagra Choli , Bridal Sarees , Lace , Ghagra Choli , Designer Sarees , Pure Raw Silk , Pure Linen ,
Clothing store | Dress store | Silk store | Bridal shop | Fabric store
Linens store| Cosmetics store| Interior designer |
Fashion accessories store
Contact:
0112 554 114
076 565 2523
Buddhi Batiks - Fashion Partner of Miss Sri Lanka Italy
Batik is a craft that combines the illustrative skills of an artist with a wax-resist dyeing technique applied to natural fabrics like cotton, silk, and linen. Buddhi Batiks is a leading proponent of this craft in the tropical island of Sri Lanka, and is noted for infusing contemporary design into a very traditional craft.
Each piece that is produced at Buddhi Batiks is hand-painted in wax by these talented artisans, and hand-dyed by experienced dye masters in a seemingly unlimited variety of colours, ranging from the most vibrant of hues to the subtlest, softest pastels and creams. The piece is then boiled and sun dried, and the process repeated over for every additional colour. Each piece is therefore a unique product of several artisans' tender care; each piece is a unique work of batik art.
Sri Lanka,ශ්රී ලංකා,Ceylon,Galle,Textile Shop,Marchand de tissus, Stoffhandel
A shop selling textiles in Galle. Materials are made in Sri Lanka or imported, p.ex from India. Textile shops are usually busy places. About Textiles:A textile or cloth is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands.Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt).The words fabric and cloth are used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for textile. However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage. Textile refers to any material made of interlacing fibres. Fabric refers to any material made through weaving, knitting, spreading, crocheting, or bonding that may be used in production of further goods (garments, etc.). Cloth may be used synonymously with fabric but often refers to a finished piece of fabric used for a specific purpose (e.g., table cloth).Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come from four main sources: animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax, jute), mineral (asbestos, glass fiber), and synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic). In the past, all textiles were made from natural fibres, including plant, animal, and mineral sources. In the 20th century, these were supplemented by artificial fibres made from petroleum.Textiles are made in various strengths and degrees of durability, from the finest gossamer to the sturdiest canvas. The relative thickness of fibres in cloth is measured in deniers. Microfibre refers to fibres made of strands thinner than one denier. All synthetic textiles are used primarily in the production of clothing.Polyester fibre is used in all types of clothing, either alone or blended with fibres such as cotton.Aramid fibre (e.g. Twaron) is used for flame-retardant clothing, cut-protection, and armor.Acrylic is a fibre used to imitate wools, including cashmere, and is often used in replacement of them.Nylon is a fibre used to imitate silk; it is used in the production of pantyhose. Thicker nylon fibres are used in rope and outdoor clothing.Spandex (trade name Lycra) is a polyurethane product that can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement. It is used to make activewear, bras, and swimsuits.Olefin fibre is a fibre used in activewear, linings, and warm clothing. Olefins are hydrophobic, allowing them to dry quickly. A sintered felt of olefin fibres is sold under the trade name Tyvek.Ingeo is a polylactide fibre blended with other fibres such as cotton and used in clothing. It is more hydrophilic than most other synthetics, allowing it to wick away perspiration.Lurex is a metallic fibre used in clothing embellishment.Milk proteins have also been used to create synthetic fabric.Carbon fibre is mostly used in composite materials.About Galle: (Sinhala: ගාල්ල;Tamil: காலி) (pronounced as one syllable in English, /ˈɡɔːl/ Gaul, and as two in Sinhalese, [ɡaːlːə]) is a city situated on the southwestern tip of Sri Lanka, 119 km from Colombo. Galle is the capital city of Southern Province of Sri Lanka and it lies in Galle District.Galle was known as Gimhathiththa (although Ibn Batuta in the 14th century refers to it as Qali) before the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century, when it was the main port on the island. Galle reached the height of its development in the 18th century, during the Dutch colonial period. The major river is Gin River (Gin Ganga) which starts from Gongala Kanda and passing villages such as Neluwa, Nagoda, Baddegama, Thelikada, and Wakwella, reaches the sea at Ginthota. In Wakwella over the river there is Wakwella Bridge, which is the longest bridge in Sri Lanka.Galle is the best example of a fortified city built by Europeans in south and southeast Asia, showing the interaction between European architectural styles and south Asian traditions. The Galle fort is a world heritage site and the largest remaining fortress in Asia built by European occupiers. Other prominent landmarks in Galle include the natural harbor, the National Maritime Museum, St. Mary's Cathedral founded by Jesuit priests, one of the main Shiva temples on the island, and Amangalla the historic luxury hotel.
Galle is the main city in the most southerly part of the island, with a population of around 100 000, and is connected by rail to Colombo and Matara. On 26 December 2004 the city was devastated by the massive Boxing Day Tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake that occurred a thousand miles away, off the coast of Indonesia. Thousands were killed in the city alone. Galle is home to a cricket ground, the Galle International Stadium, rebuilt after the tsunami. (wikipedia)
Food in Sri Lanka - 1.5 KG MONSTER Crab Curry (Family Recipe) in Colombo, Sri Lanka!
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COLOMBO, SRI LANKA - Sri Lankan food is known for crabs, and you’ll find some of the best mud crabs you’ll ever try in Sri Lanka. One of the top places to eat Sri Lankan crab curry is The Station, a seafood restaurant and bar along the ocean in Colombo. During out best of Sri Lankan food tour ( this was the first meal we had, and it was outstanding.
I met up with Uchith ( Nick ( and Lakki ( who showed me the restaurant and took me to the kitchen to watch as they made their entire family recipe for Sri Lankan crab curry, using huge 1.5 kg. Sri Lankan mud crabs. It was fascinating and a learning experiences to watch all the different steps and the complicated ingredients used in their recipe.
As I kept watching the Sri Lankan crab curry being made, I could hardly contain my excitement or mouth juices!
Our entire group came, and they started bringing out more dishes - not just the Sri Lankan crab curry, but river prawns fried in black pepper, and spiny lobster hollowed out and re-added to its shell. It was stunningly good. Along with Sri Lankan food, The Station also has a few of their own unique, Sri Lankan fusion seafood dishes, including favorites like hot butter squid.
Sri Lankan crab curry - we had one pan of their original Sri Lankan family recipe crab curry, and one pan of their extra spicy crab curry. Both were outstanding, but I loved the original for the spice blend and balance and how all the juices soaked up into the crab, it was outstanding.
The Sri Lankan food and crab curry was outstanding, the people, our entire group, and the owners of The Station are incredible people as well. Thank you to The Station, Nick, Uchitch and Lakki.
The Station Restaurant & Bar
Address: 1/41, Wasala Ln, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Thuna Paha Restaurant - For dinner we went to a Sri Lankan restaurant that serves a variety of Sri Lankan food. Again, their crab curry was delicious, but totally different, and they also served pork black curry which was outstanding.
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Sri Lanka Kandy - ELEPHANT REST AND RECUPERATION HOME
CARE FOR AN ELEPHANT NEEDING REST AND RECUPERATION HOME IN SRI LANKA. Part of this video covers a very unique Elephant Experience enables you to spend time giving your care, love and attention to a working elephant who is being given a holiday or time to recover from an illness! Sometimes the elephants have been removed from their owners because they're ill and needs medical care, or perhaps has not been well treated and again needs care.
You'll spend time working with an elephant and its handler, helping with the day-to-day activities. You'll help the mahouts (elephant handlers) with their daily routines which include, but are not limited to, feeding the elephant, cleaning and bathing the elephant and cleaning the elephant enclosure.
De Gumming Process
Silk yarn has to go through the de Gumming process in Vats to make the loom ready. Raw Silk Yarn is being boiled in this process and once de gumming is done the yarn is ready for color dyeing process.
Sri Lanka has a bustling port industry and economy
The Port of Colombo, located in the South-West corner of the island is rated amongst the Top Container ports in the world.
The port’s natural geographic location is strategically positioned on the main East-West shipping route, linking the Far East with Africa, Europe, and the East Coast of the US, providing ideal connections to the trade in the Indian sub-continent. This makes the Port of Colombo a superb strategic hub.
Formerly known as Ceylon, Sri Lanka is an island nation of 20 million inhabitants, strategically located at the crossroads to the East & West. The city of Colombo remains the country’s commercial capital, whilst the administrative capital was moved to Sri Jayawardenepura, Kotte in 1982.
Boasting a proud history of over 2500 years with its original inhabitants crossing the Palk Strait from India, Ceylon was ruled for centuries by Sinhalese and Tamil kings. Beginning in 1505 Ceylon was colonized for over 400 years, first by the Portuguese then the Dutch and finally by the British. Sri Lanka was granted self rule in 1948 by the British and went on to adopt a democratic style of government based on the Westminster system.
In the late 1970’s Sri Lanka liberalized its economy and to date remains the most open in the South Asian region. It has a well developed capital market and infrastructure especially in the services sector. Its per capita income of US$850 remains one of the highest in the region.
The city of Colombo derives its name from “Kolomtota” (Colombo harbour), which dates back to the 14th century Kingdom of Kotte. “Kolomtota” was the first port used by merchants from China, India and Persia who came through the silk road to trade island's famous spices.
A 443-year long period of foreign occupancy prevailed in Ceylon when the Portuguese fleet sailed into the harbour in 1505. The Dutch gained the control in 1656 followed by British in 1796 who upgraded and converted to a sheltered harbour during the latter part of their Ruling.
After independence in 1948, the Port was expanded with the construction of the Queen Elizabeth Quay with 16 alongside berths, transit sheds, and warehouses. The harbour underwent a major transformation to handle containerized cargo in early 1980s with Cranes, Gantries and other staples of a contemporary container terminal followed by deepening the access channel in the 1990s. The strategic location of the port of Colombo amidst trade routes became more attractive to main line shipping than any other port in the region.
Today the Port of Colombo is rated among the top 30 container ports in the world.
Source: sagt.com.lk
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Sri Lanka Amazing Most Beautiful Places to Visit
Sri Lanka Amazing Most Beautiful Places to Visit
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TRIP - Bazaar Tour - Shopping - Elephant Orphanage at Pinnawela - Bale Markets & Sita Amman Kovil - Botanical Gardens - Gregory’s Lake - Anglican Church - Local Pub Sri Lankan style - Night Camping Safari at Yala National Park - Whale and Dolphin Train Ride to Kandy - Kandy View - Silk & Batik Factory - Gem Museum - Great Kandyan Bazaar - Rock Cave Temples of Dambulla - Village Safari + Lunch Sri Lankan Style - Sigiriya Rock Fortress - Wildlife Safari @ Minneriya National Park - Pigeon Island or Snorkeling - Best Natural Harbors - Historical Fort - Hot Springs at Kinniya - Koneswaram Kovil Swami Rock - Naga Viharaya - St James Church & Seminary - Best Nelli Drink in the world - Nagadeepa Temple - Dutch Fort - Jaffna Library - Jaffna Museum - Casuarinas Beach - Leopard Safari (Jeep Safari to Yala National Park) - Watching Boat Tour - Galle Fort
Turkish Shawls
Turkish Shawls in Sri Lanka
Batik
Batik (Javanese pronunciation: [ˈbateʔ]; Indonesian: [ˈbatɪk]) is a technique of manual wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, or cloth made using this technique. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a canting (IPA: [tʃantiŋ], also spelled tjanting), or by printing the resist with a copper stamp called a cap (IPA: [tʃap], also spelled tjap). The applied wax resists dyes and therefore allows the artisan to color selectively by soaking the cloth in one color, removing the wax with boiling water, and repeating if multiple colors are desired.
A tradition of making batik is found in various countries, including Nigeria, China, India, Malaysia,Philippines and Sri Lanka; the batik of Indonesia, however, is the most well-known. Indonesian batik made in the island of Java has a long history of acculturation, with diverse patterns influenced by a variety of cultures, and is the most developed in terms of pattern, technique, and the quality of workmanship. On October 2009, UNESCO designated Indonesian batik as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
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Sustainable Fashion Runway SLDF 2013
SLDF's 'Close up on Craft' -- Island Craft Exhibition and Fashion Show, showcases the Sri Lankan heritage crafts translated in to exquisite contemporary product, whether it be in Fashion, Interior or Homeware. For a small island, Sri Lanka has a wide breadth of crafts, from the traditional beauty of handloom fabrics from the East Coast toLac -- work of the Central Hills, Beeralu lace from the South and Palmyrah crafts from the North.
Salted Spicy -YUMIS EKOCIN Food seasoning with Vegetables.
YUMIS EKOCIN-#1 Food seasoning with Vegetables for improved food taste. Add required amount to give you the best taste. YUMIS EKOCIN can be used in Beef Stew, Rice/pilau, Githeri among Other. Now selling in Grocery near you, NAKUMATT supermarkets and Chandarana Supermarkets. baj.co.ke info@baj.co.ke +25426262322
History of Sri Lanka | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Sri Lanka
00:02:20 1 Prehistory
00:06:06 2 Pre Anuradhapura period (543–377 BCE)
00:06:21 2.1 Indo-Aryan immigration
00:09:11 3 Anuradhapura period (377 BCE–1017)
00:13:52 4 Polonnaruwa period (1056–1232)
00:15:07 5 Transitional period (1232–1505)
00:15:19 5.1 Jaffna kingdom
00:15:36 5.2 Kingdom of Dambadeniya
00:15:56 5.3 Kingdom of Gampola
00:16:28 5.4 Kingdom of Kotte
00:16:45 5.5 Kingdom of Sitawaka
00:16:59 5.6 Vannimai
00:17:36 6 Crisis of the Sixteenth Century (1505–1594)
00:17:50 6.1 Portuguese intervention
00:18:57 6.2 Dutch intervention
00:20:07 7 Kandyan period (1594–1815)
00:20:37 8 Colonial Sri Lanka (1815–1948)
00:22:43 8.1 Independence movement
00:27:07 8.2 World War II
00:29:48 8.3 Independence
00:30:59 9 Sri Lanka (1948–present)
00:31:10 9.1 Dominion
00:43:10 9.2 Republic
00:51:16 9.3 Post-conflict period
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of Sri Lanka is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of South Asia, Southeast Asia and Indian Ocean. The earliest human remains found on the island of Sri Lanka date to about 35,000 years ago (Balangoda Man). The proto-historical period begins roughly in the 3rd century, based on chronicles like the Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa, and the Culavamsa. The earliest documents of settlement in the Island are found in these chronicles. These chronicles cover the period since the establishment of the Kingdom of Tambapanni in the 6th century BCE. The first Sri Lankan ruler of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, Pandukabhaya, is recorded for the 4th century BCE. Buddhism was introduced in the 3rd century BCE by Arhath Mahinda (son of the Indian emperor Ashoka). The first Tamil ruler of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, Ellalan, an invader, is recorded for the 2nd century BCE.The island was divided into numerous kingdoms over the following centuries, intermittently (between CE 993–1077) united under Chola rule. Sri Lanka was ruled by 181 monarchs from the Anuradhapura to Kandy periods.
From the 16th century, some coastal areas of the country were also controlled by the Portuguese, Dutch and British.
Between 1597 and 1658, a substantial part of the island was under Portuguese rule. The Portuguese lost their possessions in Ceylon due to Dutch intervention in the Eighty Years' War. Following the Kandyan Wars, the island was united under British rule in 1815.
Armed uprisings against the British took place in the 1818 Uva Rebellion and the 1848 Matale Rebellion. Independence was finally granted in 1948 but the country remained a Dominion of the British Empire until 1972.
In 1972 Sri Lanka assumed the status of a Republic. A constitution was introduced in 1978 which made the Executive President the head of state. The Sri Lankan Civil War began in 1983, including an armed youth uprising in 1971 and 1987–1989, with the 25-year-long civil war ending in 2009.
United East Indies Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:48 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:07:45 2 History
00:07:54 2.1 Origins
00:11:17 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:11:27 2.2.1 Formative years
00:15:54 2.2.2 Growth
00:21:43 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:30:47 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:37:02 3 Organizational structure
00:43:02 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:45:35 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:45:47 5.1 Europe
00:45:55 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:46:14 5.2 Africa
00:46:22 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:46:37 5.2.2 South Africa
00:46:50 5.3 Asia
00:46:58 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:47:09 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:47:41 5.3.3 Japan
00:48:00 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:48:26 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:48:41 5.3.6 Thailand
00:48:54 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:49:11 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:50:29 7 Historical roles and legacy
00:54:03 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:00:16 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:04:52 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:09:30 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:09:44 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:12:30 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:13:45 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:13:59 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:14:50 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:17:38 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:22:27 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:22:39 8 Criticism
01:23:10 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:23:23 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:28:15 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:32:08 10 VOC world etymologies
01:32:19 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:35:08 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:36:16 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:37:48 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:38:33 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:39:11 14 VOC archives and records
01:39:59 15 Field of VOC World studies
01:42:42 15.1 VOC World archaeology
01:42:53 16 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:43:42 16.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:46:25 16.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:59:07 17 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9770717874062174
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (voorcompagnieën) in the early-17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as international trade (especially intra-Asian trade), shipbuilding, both production and trade of East Indian spices, Formosan sugarcane, and South African wine. The Company was a transcontinental employer and an early pioneer of outward foreign direct invest ...
Man made fibre disaster
Watch Lisa B strut her stuff
United East India Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:30 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:08:40 2 History
00:08:49 2.1 Origins
00:12:29 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:12:39 2.2.1 Formative years
00:17:32 2.2.2 Growth
00:23:47 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:33:35 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:40:18 3 Organizational structure
00:46:48 3.1 VOC outposts
00:47:32 3.2 Council of Justice in Batavia
00:47:52 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:50:35 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:50:47 5.1 Europe
00:50:55 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:51:16 5.2 Africa
00:51:24 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:51:40 5.2.2 South Africa
00:51:53 5.3 Asia
00:52:02 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:52:13 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:52:47 5.3.3 Japan
00:53:07 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:53:36 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:53:51 5.3.6 Thailand
00:54:04 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:54:23 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:58:30 7 Historical roles and legacy
01:02:22 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:09:09 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:14:08 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:19:10 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:19:24 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:22:24 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:23:44 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:23:58 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:24:53 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:27:53 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:33:05 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:33:17 8 Criticism
01:33:51 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:34:04 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:39:19 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:43:39 10 VOC world etymologies
01:43:50 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:46:59 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:48:15 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:49:56 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:50:47 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:51:29 14 VOC archives and records
01:52:22 15 VOC coinage
01:52:32 16 VOC ships
01:52:47 17 Field of VOC World studies
01:55:57 17.1 VOC World archaeology
01:56:08 18 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:57:02 18.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:00:04 18.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:14:12 19 Gallery
02:14:32 20 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8461302477082473
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as internat ...
Dutch East India Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:10 1 Company name, logo, and flag
00:08:16 2 History
00:08:25 2.1 Origins
00:11:58 2.2 Formation, rise, and fall
00:12:08 2.2.1 Formative years
00:16:48 2.2.2 Growth
00:22:47 2.2.3 Reorientation
00:32:14 2.2.4 Decline and fall
00:38:43 3 Organizational structure
00:45:02 3.1 VOC outposts
00:45:44 3.2 Council of Justice in Batavia
00:46:04 4 Shareholder activism at the VOC and the beginnings of modern corporate governance problems
00:48:41 5 Main trading posts, settlements, and colonies
00:48:53 5.1 Europe
00:49:01 5.1.1 Netherlands
00:49:21 5.2 Africa
00:49:30 5.2.1 Mauritius
00:49:45 5.2.2 South Africa
00:49:58 5.3 Asia
00:50:06 5.3.1 Indonesia
00:50:18 5.3.2 Indian subcontinent
00:50:50 5.3.3 Japan
00:51:08 5.3.4 Taiwan
00:51:35 5.3.5 Malaysia
00:51:51 5.3.6 Thailand
00:52:03 5.3.7 Vietnam
00:52:21 6 Conflicts and wars involving the VOC
00:56:10 7 Historical roles and legacy
00:59:53 7.1 Institutional innovations and impacts on modern-day global business practices and financial system
01:06:23 7.2 Impacts on social, economic, financial, political, and military history of the Netherlands
01:11:11 7.3 Roles in the history of the global economy and international relations
01:15:59 7.4 Artistic, scientific, technological, and cultural legacies of the VOC World
01:16:14 7.4.1 VOC World as an information/knowledge exchange network in the Dutch maritime world-system
01:19:06 7.4.2 Influences on Dutch Golden Age art
01:20:23 7.4.3 Formation of early modern religious communities and ethnic groups within the VOC World
01:20:37 7.5 Contributions in the Age of Exploration
01:21:29 7.5.1 iHalve Maen'/is exploratory voyage and role in the formation of New Netherland
01:24:25 7.5.2 Dutch discovery, exploration, and mapping of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and various islands
01:29:24 7.5.3 VOC-sponsored inland exploration and mapping of Southern Africa
01:29:37 8 Criticism
01:30:09 8.1 VOC colonialism, monopoly policy and uses of violence
01:30:22 8.2 Dutch slave trade and slavery under the VOC colonial rule
01:35:25 9 Cultural depictions of people and things associated with the VOC
01:39:36 10 VOC world etymologies
01:39:47 10.1 Places and things named after the VOC and its people
01:42:45 10.2 Places and things named by VOC people
01:43:58 11 Populated places established by VOC people
01:45:34 12 Important heritage sites in the VOC World
01:46:22 13 VOC buildings and structures
01:47:02 14 VOC archives and records
01:47:53 15 VOC coinage
01:48:03 16 VOC ships
01:48:18 17 Field of VOC World studies
01:51:21 17.1 VOC World archaeology
01:51:31 18 VOC timeline and historical firsts
01:52:23 18.1 Proto-VOC period (with the establishment of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
01:55:14 18.2 VOC era (with the amalgamation of the ivoorcompagnieën/pre-companies/i)
02:08:20 19 Gallery
02:08:40 20 See also
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SUMMARY
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The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century. It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as internat ...