Tadeusz Kościuszko EN
2019 04 Poznań Buk, Greater Poland:
short biography of Tadeusz Kościuszko and places of remembrance, street and monument.
Tadeusz Kościuszko & Places of Remembrance. English/Polish
2019 05 Poznań, Buk, Kraków, Poland:
Tadeusz Kościuszko, the hero's silhouette in a nutshell in English and Polish. Kościuszko Street in Buk, Statue of Kościuszko in Poznań, Kraków Wawel Castle.
2019 05 11-12 edition, 2019 05 11 narration, 2019 05 text and info, 2019 04 17 video Poznań, 2019 04 11 video Buk, 2011 06 28 video Kraków.
KM
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2019 05 Poznań, Buk, Kraków, Polska:
Tadeusz Kościuszko, sylwetka bohatera w skrócie w języku angielskim i polskim. Ulica Kościuszki w Buku, pomnik Kościuszki w Poznaniu, Kraków Wawel.
2019 05 11-12 edycja, 2019 05 11 narracja, 2019 05 tekst i info, 2019 04 17 wideo Poznań, 2019 04 11 wideo Buk, 2011 06 28 wideo Kraków.
KM
Tadeusz Kościuszko i Miejsca Pamięci. Polski/Angielski
2019 05 Poznań, Buk, Kraków, Polska:
Tadeusz Kościuszko, sylwetka bohatera w skrócie w języku polskim i angielskim. Ulica Kościuszki w Buku, pomnik Kościuszki w Poznaniu, Kraków Wawel.
2019 05 11-12 edycja, 2019 05 11 narracja, 2019 05 tekst i info, 2019 04 17 wideo Poznań, 2019 04 11 wideo Buk, 2011 06 28 wideo Kraków.
KM
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2019 05 Poznań, Buk, Kraków, Poland:
Tadeusz Kościuszko, the hero's silhouette in a nutshell in Polish and English. Kościuszko Street in Buk, Statue of Kościuszko in Poznań, Kraków Wawel Castle.
2019 05 11-12 edition, 2019 05 11 narration, 2019 05 text and info, 2019 04 17 video Poznań, 2019 04 11 video Buk, 2011 06 28 video Kraków.
KM
DLF 10.10.2019 Vor 225 Jahren Der Kampf der Polen um ihren Staat
Er ging als „Kościuszko“-Aufstand in die Geschichte ein: der Kampf der Polen gegen die Zerschlagung ihres Staates durch die Teilungsmächte Russland, Preußen und Österreich. Am 10. Oktober 1794 wurde das polnische Heer unter Tadeusz Kościuszko von Russland und Preußen geschlagen.
Von Doris Liebermann
Russian and Polish troops advance and dead bodies of Polish soldiers on a street ...HD Stock Footage
CriticalPast is an archive of historic footage. The vintage footage in this video has been uploaded for research purposes, and is presented in unedited form. Some viewers may find some scenes or audio in this archival material to be unsettling or distressing. CriticalPast makes this media available for researchers and documentarians, and does not endorse or condone any behavior or message, implied or explicit, that is seen or heard in this video.
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Russian and Polish troops advance and dead bodies of Polish soldiers on a street in Lublin, Poland.
Russian and Polish troops attack Lublin, Poland during World War II. A view of the town. Troops stand around an artillery and fire. A dead polish soldier. The troops cross a street. Rubble on the street. Dead bodies of soldiers. Wrecked vehicles and damaged buildings. Soldiers on tanks advance. A damaged railroad station. Location: Lublin Poland. Date: January 4, 1945.
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Pomnik Generała Tadeusza Kościuszki w Poznaniu
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (1746 - 1817) generał polski i amerykański. Pomnik generała znajduje się w Poznaniu na placu przy ul. Bukowskiej, w pobliżu głównego wejścia na Międzynarodowe Targi Poznańskie.
Muzyka:
Officers Call-The U. S. Marine Corps Band,
March To Victory - Media Right Productions
(You Tube Audio Library)
Pulaski Monument, Utica NY USA
Utica, NY
The woman is basically talking about the plants and flowers more than the Hon. General Casimir Pulaski who was an American Revolutionary War Hero !!!
Polish Hero!
Tony's Website: HTTP://EVERTON.BLOGSPOT.COM/
HISTORICAL PLACES OF POLAND IN GOOGLE EARTH PART THREE ( 3/9 )
1. KOSCIUSZKO MOUND,KRAKOW 50° 3'18.77N 19°53'36.54E
2. CASTLE KNIGHTS,OSTRODZIE 53°42'12.45N 19°57'40.43E
3. MONASTERY&CHURCHES,KAMIENNA GORA 50°43'57.84N 16° 4'7.23E
4. CASTLE ZAMEK,NIEPOLOMICE 50° 2'2.93N 20°13'4.71E
5. ST.MICHAEL CHURCH,GNIEZNO 52°32'13.18N 17°36'9.95E
6. CHURCH OF OUR LADY,OSWIECIM UL 50° 2'14.76N 19°13'11.06E
7. LEANING TOWER,TORUN 53° 0'30.31N 18°36'7.53E
8. MACZUGA HERCULES,SULOSZOWA 50°14'34.29N 19°46'58.83E
9. CHURCH OF ASSUMPTION PARISH,BIALYSTOK
53° 7'56.97N 23° 9'46.09E
10. SILESIAN PARLIAMENT,KATOWICE 50°15'13.02N 19° 1'29.43E
11. ARMY CADET SCHOOL,WARSAW 52°12'56.82N 21° 2'14.04E
12. CHURCH OF ST. STANISLAUS WENCESLAS,SWIDNICA
50°50'27.26N 16°29'29.67E
13. CHURCH&MONASTERY OF CISTERCIAN,GMINA LADEK
52°12'15.60N 17°53'36.16E
14. FORT LEGIONOW,WARSAW 52°15'25.74N 21° 0'23.37E
15. CHURCH,LWOWEK SLASKI 51° 6'39.02N 15°34'57.84E
16. CITY HALL,KALISZU 51°45'45.42N 18° 5'23.71E
17. CHURCH OF CZARTORYSKY FAMILY 51°24'54.25N 21°57'19.35E
18. CASTLE GORNY,OPOLE 50°40'11.20N 17°55'30.25E
19. ALEXANDER NEVSKY CATHEDRAL,LODZ 51°46'14.12N 19°27'51.12E
20. TOWER OF GOLCZEWO 53°49'14.58N 14°58'16.14E
21. CATHEDRAL OF ST.PETER&PAUL,GLIWICE 50°17'28.08N 18°39'54.78E
22. CASTLE OF THE DUKES IN GŁOGOW 51°40'1.74N 16° 5'25.77E
23. ST.PETER&PAUL CHURCH,TARNOWSKIE GORACH
50°26'35.10N 18°51'11.91E
24. TOWN HALL,OLSZTYNIE 53°46'43.80N 20°28'47.32E
25. INSTITUTE OSSOLINEUM,WROCLAW 51° 6'49.96N 17° 2'12.38E
26. TOWER, MALBORK 54° 2'1.83N 19° 1'26.58E
27. CHURCH OF ST. JOHN&PIAST MAUSOLEUM LEGNICA
51°12'32.82N 16° 9'31.23E
28. CHURCH OF ST.PETER&PAUL,MORAG 53°54'38.04N 19°55'39.35E
29. CASTLE ZEMEK CESARSKI,POZNAN 52°24'28.51N 16°55'7.68E
30. CHĘCINY CASTLE,CHECINY 50°47'50.36N 20°27'36.42E
CHARLES SIERAKOWSKI
Kazimierz Sierakowski
I was born in Warsaw on Australia Day over seventy years ago. I left Warsaw in 1944 after the collapse of the Warsaw Uprising to become a Prisoner of War. Due to the political situation, in which Poland found itself after the Second World War, I decided not to return to the country of my birth. At the age of twenty, like many of my compatriots, I found myself without a country, profession, family or money. And so I became a twentieth century nomad. I re-joined the army, the Polish 2nd corps, of the British 8th Army in Italy. While in uniform I was accepted as a student at the Facolta di Architettura, Universita di Roma. There I completed the first year and part of the second year. In November 1946 the Polish Army was transferred to England. I continued my architectural studies in London at the School of Architecture, Polish University College, obtaining my degree in 1950, and the Continental degree of Engineer Architect in 1951. In 1955 I received British Citizenship, and was elected as an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects. This gave the opportunity of practicing not only in Britain, but also in all countries of the Commonwealth.
I met Tadeusz Andrzejaczek, an Executive Architect, P.W.D, Perth, WA, in Londin in 1972. As a graduate of the Polish School of Architecture, London, Andrzejaczek was interested in other graduateâs achievements. Tadeusz visited my office as some of my designs were recommended worth a visit by the R.I.B.A, he was impressed with my work. We discussed the possibility of working together. A new Cultural Centre was planned for the remote capital city Perth. Later that year, on Andrzejaczekâs recommendation, I was offered a three-year contract, by the Government of Western Australia, with the option of permanency after itâs completion. This was the challenge I needed.
I arrived in Perth in February 1973. A year later I was elected an Associate of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects. I was involved in design and construction of the Perth Cultural Centre until my retirement sixteen years later, however, the design stage did not start immediately. The preparation work has been going on for many years. Both Stan Cann, the Principal Architect P.W.D and Ted Andrzejaczek have prepared the ground, the site was allocated, design had not yet started, no funds were as yet available. After my arrival we prepared several alternative designs, drawings and models, all emphasised the need to link the Perth Cultural Centre with the city centre. I worked closely with Tadeusz until his retirement in 1980, following which I was appointed Project Architect for the Perth Cultural Centre.
In 1975 I was delighted to be appointed the design architect for the proposed new Western Australian Art Gallery. The art gallery was the building chosen for W.Aâs sesquicentenary celebrations. Hundred fifty years of settlement, 1829 ¬1979, to be celebrated with the opening of a major overseas exhibition in a new, international standard gallery. The then existing gallery facilities in Beaufort Street, two rooms in the wing of the museum, were substandard, and Perth was by-passed by the many exhibitions visiting Australia. I was authorised to visit and study other galleries in Australia, after which I designed and supervised the construction. The overall cost, including furniture and equipment was then, $10,000,000. The official opening by Sir Charles Court, the Premier of Western Australia, was on 2 October 1979.
The gallery has four levels, covers an area of 10,338 square metres. The display section of the building, approximately 3,500 square metres on two levels, consists of a series of artificially lit, for the protection of the drawings and paintings from ultra-violet rays, galleries, grouped around a central core. The plan is based on a hexagon which allows a wide angle viewing of pictures. The galleries can be subdivided by full height floor-to-ceiling partitions, make a flexible utilisation of space possible.
Since the opening, the Gallery has successfully staged a number of great exhibitions of international standard; The Entombed Warriors, Gold of the Pharaohs, Pompei 79, Treasures of Tutankhamen, Secret Treasures of Russia: One Thousand Years of Gold and Silver from the State History Museum Moscow, Imperial China: The Living Past, the Golden Age of Dutch Art, Contemporary Art in Asia; Traditions/Tensions and more.
The building has been recognised with many awards. The Royal Institute of Australian Architects awarded the Art Gallery of Western Australia with the Architectural Design Award of 1979 and the Bronze Medal Award in 1983 (the highest recognition in the world of Architecture in Australia, there is no silver or gold).
See
POLAND - WikiVidi Documentary
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a sovereign country in Central Europe. It is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin. The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe's fir...
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Shortcuts to chapters:
00:03:54: Etymology
00:04:29: Prehistory and protohistory
00:06:03: Piast dynasty
00:10:19: Jagiellon dynasty
00:13:41: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:18:20: Partitions
00:21:28: Era of insurrections
00:26:58: Reconstruction
00:30:40: World War II
00:38:45: Post-war communism
00:41:58: Present-day
00:45:42: Geography
00:47:24: Geology
00:50:40: Waters
00:55:58: Land use
00:57:39: Biodiversity
00:59:21: Climate
01:01:04: Politics
01:03:31: Law
01:07:31: Foreign relations
01:10:20: Administrative divisions
01:11:15: Military
01:15:26: Law enforcement and emergency services
01:16:56: Economy
01:21:14: Corporations
01:22:48: Tourism
01:24:55: Energy
01:26:43: Transport
01:30:42: Science and technology
01:32:44: Communications
01:34:24: Demographics
01:38:07: Languages
01:39:57: Religion
01:44:47: Health
01:46:45: Education
01:49:26: Culture
01:50:25: Famous people
01:51:39: Society
01:54:06: Music
01:58:10: Art
02:00:44: Architecture
02:04:53: Literature
02:09:46: Media
02:12:18: Cuisine
02:14:37: Sports
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
150. rocznica urodzin Józefa Piłsudskiego
zsmosina.powiat.poznan.pl
Z okazji 150 rocznicy urodzin Józefa Piłsudskiego przypadającej w tym roku uczniowie naszej szkoły przedstawiają film przedstawiający postać marszałka.
Pulaski Statue D.C. Washington U.S.A.
Heroes Among Us. Lesson 6: Eugeniusz Grellus (Polish version)
Heroes Among Us. Lesson 6: Eugeniusz Grellus
(Sacramento, California)
The series presents eye-witness accounts of events from Polish and world history, collected and compiled by Polish-American youth at meetings with Heroes living Among Us.
The project is organized and sponsored by the Consulate General of Poland in Los Angeles and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland in collaboration with Nowhere Man WorkHouse.
This material was produced during 2-day audiovisual workshops run by Beata Calińska
Authors
Scouts from Sacramento, California:
Pawel Lonicki (15)
Karol Okulski (10)
Daniel Olech (11)
Animation:
Agnieszka Burszewska
Special Thanks:
Joanna Kozińska - Frybes
Polonian Cultural and Pastorial Center in Sacramento, CA
Polish culture during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:20 1 Background
00:03:02 2 Destruction of Polish culture
00:03:12 2.1 German occupation
00:03:21 2.1.1 Policy
00:08:29 2.1.2 Plunder
00:10:08 2.1.3 Destruction
00:19:11 2.1.4 Censorship and propaganda
00:23:28 2.2 Soviet occupation
00:29:55 3 Underground culture
00:30:04 3.1 Patrons
00:31:48 3.2 Education
00:36:18 3.3 Print
00:40:38 3.4 Visual arts and music
00:44:36 3.5 Warsaw Uprising
00:45:41 4 Culture in exile
00:46:59 5 Influence on postwar culture
00:49:35 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Speaking Rate: 0.9955185297961097
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Polish culture during World War II was suppressed by the occupying powers of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, both of whom were hostile to Poland's people and cultural heritage. Policies aimed at cultural genocide resulted in the deaths of thousands of scholars and artists, and the theft and destruction of innumerable cultural artifacts. The maltreatment of the Poles was one of many ways in which the Nazi and Soviet regimes had grown to resemble one another, wrote British historian Niall Ferguson.The occupiers looted and destroyed much of Poland's cultural and historical heritage, while persecuting and murdering members of the Polish cultural elite. Most Polish schools were closed, and those that remained open saw their curricula altered significantly.
Nevertheless, underground organizations and individuals – in particular the Polish Underground State – saved much of Poland's most valuable cultural treasures, and worked to salvage as many cultural institutions and artifacts as possible. The Catholic Church and wealthy individuals contributed to the survival of some artists and their works. Despite severe retribution by the Nazis and Soviets, Polish underground cultural activities, including publications, concerts, live theater, education, and academic research, continued throughout the war.
Wrocław
Wrocław (/ˈvrɒtswəf/; Polish pronunciation: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] ( ); German: Breslau, known also by other alternative names), situated in Central Europe on the Silesian Lowlands on the river Oder (Polish: Odra), is the largest city in western Poland.
Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia, today Wrocław is also the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...
People's Republic of Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
People's Republic of Poland
00:03:22 1 History
00:09:42 1.1 1970s and 1980s
00:16:16 2 Government and politics
00:17:13 2.1 Foreign relations
00:18:31 3 Economy
00:18:40 3.1 Early years
00:22:23 3.2 Later years
00:28:19 4 Culture
00:29:40 5 Religion
00:32:56 6 Demographics
00:36:41 7 Military
00:36:50 7.1 World War II
00:38:04 7.2 After the war
00:39:14 8 Geography
00:40:02 8.1 Administration
00:41:38 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country that existed from 1947 to 1989 in Central Europe, and the predecessor to the modern democratic Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous state of the Eastern Bloc after the Soviet Union. Having a unitary Marxist–Leninist communist government, it was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact. The official capital since 1947 and largest city was Warsaw, followed by industrial Łódź and cultural Kraków.
The former country covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1989 under the Soviet-backed communist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II. The name People's Republic was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952 which was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The state's name was the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska) between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the temporary Constitution of 1947. From 1952, the Sejm exercised no real power, and Poland was regarded as a puppet entity set up and controlled by the Soviet Union. With time, Poland developed into a satellite state of the Soviet Union.The Polish People's Republic was a one-party state characterized by constant internal struggles for democracy and better living conditions. The Polish United Workers' Party became the dominant political faction, officially making Poland a socialist country, but with more liberal policies than other states of the Eastern Bloc. Throughout its existence, economic hardships and social unrest were common almost in every decade. The nation was split between those who supported the party, those who were opposed to it and those who refused to engage in political activity. Despite this, some groundbreaking achievements have been established during the People's Republic such as rapid industrialization, urbanization of smaller or larger cities and access to free healthcare and education was made available. The birth rate was high and the population almost doubled between 1947 and 1989. The party's most successful accomplishment, however, was the rebuilding of ruined Warsaw after World War II and the complete riddance of illiteracy, which stood at 30% in 1931 and at 0% in 2011.The Soviet Union, an exemplar state, had some influence over both internal and external affairs, and the Red Army was stationed in Poland as in all other Warsaw Pact countries. The Polish People's Army was the main branch of the Armed Forces. The official police organization, responsible for supposed peacekeeping and violent throttling of protests, was renamed Citizens' Militia. Under the command of the Ministry of Public Security of Poland UB, the Militia committed serious crimes to maintain the Communists in power, including the harsh treatment of protesters, arrest of opposition leaders and in extreme cases murder. As a result, Poland had a high-imprisonment rate but one of the lowest crime rates in the world. This was often fictitiously glorified by the ruling Polish Worker's Party, which described Poland as a safe and educated near-Utopian society.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a member state of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád Group.
Poland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Poland
00:03:02 1 Etymology
00:03:42 2 History
00:03:51 2.1 Prehistory and protohistory
00:05:43 2.2 Piast dynasty
00:09:26 2.3 Jagiellon dynasty
00:12:27 2.4 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
00:16:27 2.5 Partitions
00:19:09 2.6 Era of insurrections
00:23:38 2.7 Reconstruction
00:26:43 2.8 World War II
00:32:40 2.9 Post-war communism
00:35:24 2.10 1990s to present
00:38:32 3 Geography
00:40:09 3.1 Geology
00:43:46 3.2 Waters
00:48:15 3.3 Land use
00:50:07 3.4 Biodiversity
00:52:05 3.5 Climate
00:54:08 4 Politics
00:56:32 4.1 Law
01:00:23 4.2 Foreign relations
01:02:55 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:04:06 4.4 Military
01:08:03 4.5 Law enforcement and emergency services
01:09:29 5 Economy
01:13:56 5.1 Corporations
01:15:28 5.2 Tourism
01:17:21 5.3 Energy
01:19:18 5.4 Transport
01:23:19 5.5 Science and technology
01:26:00 5.6 Communications
01:27:42 6 Demographics
01:29:17 6.1 Urbanization
01:29:25 6.2 Languages
01:31:58 6.3 Ethnicity
01:35:04 6.4 Religion
01:38:58 6.5 Health
01:40:59 6.6 Education
01:43:51 7 Culture
01:44:50 7.1 Music
01:49:13 7.2 Art
01:51:49 7.3 Architecture
01:55:15 7.4 Literature
01:59:51 7.5 Cinema
02:02:15 7.6 Media
02:04:41 7.7 Cuisine
02:07:29 7.8 Sports
02:10:37 7.9 Fashion and design
02:14:16 8 See also
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SUMMARY
=======
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of approximately 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.
The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.D. 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.
More than a century after the Partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. More than six million Polish citizens perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, the sovereign state of Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.
Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Additionally, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central Europe. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. Poland has a developed school educational system. The country provides free university education, state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens. Poland has 15 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 14 of which are cultural. Poland is a m ...