PETŘÍN
Petřín (německy Laurenziberg, latinsky Petrin) je 327 m vysoký kopec v centru Prahy. Na jeho vrcholu stojí Petřínská rozhledna a mnoho jiných objektů. Na Petříně najdeme skály zejména z pískovce.
Petřínská rozhledna je s výškou přes 65,5 metrů jedna z nejznámějších dominant Prahy. Její základna se nachází v nadmořské výšce 324 m n.m.
Lanová dráha na Petřín je pozemní lanová dráha zajišťující přepravu osob na vrch Petřín v Praze. Provoz je zajišťován po kolejích systémem tažných lan. Dráha je dlouhá 510,4 m.
Štefánikova hvězdárna v Praze je hvězdárna na vrchu Petříně v nejjižnějším cípu Hradčan, určená široké veřejnosti a sloužící především popularizaci astronomie. Byla zprovozněna v roce 1928.
Hladová zeď, někdy nazývaná také Zubatá, německy die Hungermauer, je opuková hradba na pražském Petříně, kterou nechal v letech 1360–1362 postavit český král Karel IV., aby zesílil městské opevnění Pražského hradu a Malé Strany proti útoku ze západu a jihu.
Přírodní památka Petřínské skalky zaujímá horní úsek svahů Petřína v těsné blízkosti vrcholové plošiny. Území se rozkládá od horní části Kinského zahrady přes Petřínské sady a Seminářskou zahradu až ke Strahovskému klášteru.
Strahovský klášter, oficiálním názvem Královská kanonie prémonstrátů na Strahově (starým latinským označením Mons Sion), je nejstarší premonstrátský klášter v Čechách, založený roku 1143, a jedna z nejvýznamnějších architektonických památek České republiky. V klášteře, který byl po roce 1990 obnoven, sídlí také Památník národního písemnictví, součástí kláštera je slavná Strahovská knihovna a obrazárna.
Kostel svatého Vavřince stojí v zahradě U rozhledny na pražském Petříně. Je chráněn jako kulturní památka České republiky. Původně se jednalo o románský kostel, nejstarší zpráva o něm pochází z roku 1135. V 18. století byl kostel přestavěn v barokním slohu. Architektem této přestavby byl pravděpodobně Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer. Kostel je v současnosti využíván Starokatolickou církví, která jej od roku 1995 využívá jako svůj katedrální chrám.
Pomník obětem komunismu v Praze, na úpatí Petřína, vytvořil český sochař Olbram Zoubek ve spolupráci s architekty Zdeňkem Hölzlem a Janem Kerelem. Je situován na východním svahu Petřína. Tvoří jej masivní zužující se schodiště, v jehož horní částí kráčí 7 postav. První je celá, další postupně více a více zmrzačené, ale stále stojící, což má obrazně připomínat utrpení muklů, jakož i jejich statečnost a nezlomnost. V dolní části pomníku je na kovových deskách napsáno: Oběti komunismu 1948 - 1989. 205486 odsouzeno - 248 popraveno - 4 500 zemřelo ve věznicích - 327 zahynulo na hranicích - 170 938 občanů emigrovalo.
Slavnostní odhalení pomníku proběhlo 22. května 2002.
Praha, Pražský hrad, Petřínská rozhledna, Nebozízek, lanovka na Petřín, Štefánikova hvězdárna, Kaple Božího hrobu, Kostel sv. Vavřince, Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie, Klášter premonstrátů na Strahově, Karel Hynek Mácha, Jan Neruda, Jaroslav Vrchlický, Vítězslav Novák, Pomník obětem komunismu, Restaurant Nebozízek, Petřínské sady, Petřínské skalky, Lanová dráha na Petřín, Zrcadlové bludiště na Petříně, Hladová zeď v Praze, Růžový sad, Seminářská zahrada, Petřínské terasy, Lobkovická zahrada, Schoenbornská zahrada, Ambasáda - USA, Újezd
Czech Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Czech Republic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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SUMMARY
=======
The Czech Republic ( ( listen); Czech: Česká republika [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka] ( listen)), also known by its short-form name, Czechia ( ( listen); Czech: Česko [ˈtʃɛsko] ( listen)), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres (30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with 10.6 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava and Pilsen. The Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU), NATO, the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.
It is a developed country with an advanced, high income export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation. The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development. The Czech Republic is a welfare state with a continental European social model, a universal health care system, tuition-free university education an is ranked 14th in the Human Capital Index. It ranks as the 6th safest or most peaceful country and is one of the most non-religious countries in the world, while achieving strong performance in democratic governance.
The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire. After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty. In 1002, the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. Besides Bohemia itself, the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown, he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor, and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century. In the Hussite Wars of the 15th century driven by the Protestant Bohemian Reformation, the kingdom faced economic embargoes and defeated five consecutive crusades proclaimed by the leaders of the Catholic Church.
Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of the White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule, eradicated Protestantism and reimposed Catholicism, and also adopted a policy of gradual Germanization. This contributed to the anti-Habsburg sentiment. A long history of resentment of the Catholic Church followed and still continues. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Bohemian Kingdom became part of the Austrian Empire and the Czech language experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic nationalism. In the 19th century, the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.
Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in this part of Europe in the interwar period. However, the Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II, while the Slovak region became the Slovak Republic; Czechoslovakia was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States. The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections and after the 1948 coup d'état, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence. In 19 ...
Czech Republic | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Czech Republic
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Czech Republic ( ( listen); Czech: Česká republika [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka] ( listen)), also known by its short-form name, Czechia ( ( listen); Czech: Česko [ˈtʃɛsko] ( listen)), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres (30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with 10.6 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava and Pilsen. The Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU), NATO, the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.
It is a developed country with an advanced, high income export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation. The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development. The Czech Republic is a welfare state with a continental European social model, a universal health care system, tuition-free university education an is ranked 14th in the Human Capital Index. It ranks as the 6th safest or most peaceful country and is one of the most non-religious countries in the world, while achieving strong performance in democratic governance.
The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire. After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty. In 1002, the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. Besides Bohemia itself, the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown, he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor, and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century. In the Hussite Wars of the 15th century driven by the Protestant Bohemian Reformation, the kingdom faced economic embargoes and defeated five consecutive crusades proclaimed by the leaders of the Catholic Church.
Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of the White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule, eradicated Protestantism and reimposed Catholicism, and also adopted a policy of gradual Germanization. This contributed to the anti-Habsburg sentiment. A long history of resentment of the Catholic Church followed and still continues. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Bohemian Kingdom became part of the Austrian Empire and the Czech language experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic nationalism. In the 19th century, the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.
Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in this part of Europe in the interwar period. However, the Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II, while the Slovak region became the Slovak Republic; Czechoslovakia was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States. The Czech country lost the majority of its German-speaking inhabitants after they were expelled following the war. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won the 1946 elections and after the 1948 coup d'état, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence. In 19 ...