Haitian Revolution (Part 1) | World history | Khan Academy
Slaves rebel in Saint-Domingue (Haiti). Rise of Toussaint L'Ouverture. Created by Sal Khan.
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François Mitterrand | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:11 1 Family
00:05:55 2 Early life
00:09:01 3 Second World War
00:09:21 3.1 Prisoner of War: 1940–1941
00:10:46 3.2 Work in France under the Vichy administration: 1941–1943
00:16:47 3.3 Full engagement in resistance: 1943–1945
00:23:31 4 Fourth Republic
00:23:40 4.1 Rise in politics: 1946–54
00:26:22 4.2 Senior minister during the Algerian War: 1954–58
00:28:47 5 Opposition during the Fifth Republic
00:28:58 5.1 Crossing the desert: 1958–64
00:32:40 5.2 Opposition to De Gaulle: 1964–71
00:38:17 5.3 Socialist Party leader: 1971–81
00:42:09 6 Presidency
00:42:18 6.1 First term: 1981–1988
00:42:57 6.1.1 Economic policy
00:48:28 6.1.2 Social policy
00:57:49 6.1.3 Cultural policy
01:00:30 6.1.4 Domestic difficulties
01:01:55 6.1.5 First Cohabitation
01:04:06 6.2 Second term: 1988–1995
01:04:18 6.2.1 Domestic policy
01:07:00 6.2.2 Second Cohabitation
01:09:42 6.3 Foreign policy
01:09:51 6.3.1 East/West relations
01:11:35 6.3.2 European policy
01:13:10 6.3.3 1990 speech at La Baule
01:17:05 6.3.4 Discovery of HIV
01:17:47 6.3.5 Apology to the Huguenots
01:18:23 6.3.6 Co-Prince of Andorra
01:18:52 7 Death
01:19:40 8 Prime Ministers during presidency
01:19:59 9 Controversies
01:20:08 9.1 Medical secrecy
01:20:44 9.2 Pétain
01:22:10 9.3 Urba
01:23:29 9.4 Wiretaps
01:28:36 9.5 Rwanda
01:29:55 9.6 Bombing of the iRainbow Warrior/i
01:31:14 10 Political career
01:34:55 11 Honours
01:35:04 11.1 France
01:35:20 11.2 Foreign honours
01:36:43 12 Vexillology and heraldry
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Speaking Rate: 0.851787192790375
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office in French history. As First Secretary of the Socialist Party, he was the first left-wing politician to be elected President of France under the Fifth Republic.
Reflecting family influences, Mitterrand started political life on the Catholic nationalist right. He served under the Vichy Regime during its earlier years. Subsequently he joined the Resistance, moved to the left, and held ministerial office several times under the Fourth Republic. He opposed de Gaulle's establishment of the Fifth Republic. Although at times a politically isolated figure, Mitterrand outmanoeuvered rivals to become the left's standard bearer at every presidential election from 1965–88; with the exception of 1969. Mitterrand was elected President at the 1981 presidential election. He was re-elected in 1988 and remained in office until 1995.
Mitterrand invited the Communist Party into his first government, which was a controversial decision at the time. In the event, the Communists were boxed in as junior partners and, rather than taking advantage, saw their support erode. They left the cabinet in 1984. Early in his first term, Mitterrand followed a radical left-wing economic agenda, including nationalisation of key firms, but after two years, with the economy in crisis, he reversed course. He pushed a socially liberal agenda with reforms such as the abolition of the death penalty, the 39-hour work week, and the end of a government monopoly in radio and television broadcasting. His foreign and defense policies built on those of his Gaullist predecessors. His partnership with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl advanced European integration via the Maastricht Treaty, but he reluctantly accepted German reunification. During his time in office, he was a strong promoter of culture and implemented a range of costly Grands Projets. He is the only French President to ever have named a female Prime Minister, Édith Cresson, in 1991. He was twice forced by the loss of a parliamentary majority into cohabitation governments with conservative cabinet ...