John C. Frémont | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John C. Frémont
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813 – July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, politician, and soldier who, in 1856, became the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States. During the 1840s, when he led five expeditions into the American West, that era's penny press and admiring historians accorded Frémont the sobriquet The Pathfinder.During the Mexican–American War, Frémont, a major in the U.S. Army, took control of California from the California Republic in 1846. Frémont was convicted in court-martial for mutiny and insubordination over a conflict of who was the rightful military governor of California. After his sentence was commuted and he was reinstated by President Polk, Frémont resigned from the Army. Frémont led a private fourth expedition, which cost ten lives, seeking a rail route over the mountains around the 38th parallel in the winter of 1849. Afterwards, Frémont settled in California at Monterey while buying cheap land in the Sierra foothills. When gold was found on his Mariposa ranch, Frémont became a wealthy man during the California Gold Rush, but he was soon bogged down with lawsuits over land claims, between the dispossession of various land owners during the Mexican–American War and the explosion of Forty-Niners immigrating during the Rush. These cases were settled by the U.S. Supreme Court allowing Frémont to keep his property. Frémont's fifth and final privately funded expedition, between 1853 and 1854, surveyed a route for a transcontinental railroad. Frémont became one of the first two U.S. senators elected from the new state of California in 1850. Frémont was the first presidential candidate of the new Republican Party, carrying most of the North. He lost the 1856 presidential election to Democrat James Buchanan when Know Nothings split the vote. Democrats warned that his election would lead to civil war.During the American Civil War, he was given command of Department of the West by President Abraham Lincoln. Although Frémont had successes during his brief tenure as Commander of the Western Armies, he ran his department autocratically, and made hasty decisions without consulting Washington D.C. or President Lincoln. After Frémont's emancipation edict that freed slaves in his district, he was relieved of his command by President Lincoln for insubordination. In 1861, Frémont was the first commanding Union general who recognized in Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant an iron will to fight and promoted him commander at the strategic base near Cairo, Illinois. Defeating the Confederates at Springfield, Frémont was the only Union General in the West to have a Union victory for 1861. After a brief service tenure in the Mountain Department in 1862, Frémont resided in New York, retiring from the Army in 1864. The same year Frémont was a presidential candidate for the Radical Democracy Party, but he resigned before the election. After the Civil War, Frémont's wealth declined after investing heavily and purchasing an unsuccessful Pacific Railroad in 1866, and lost much of his wealth during the Panic of 1873. Frémont served as Governor of Arizona from 1878 to 1881 appointed by President Rutherford B. Hayes. Frémont retired from politics and died destitute in New York City in 1890.
Historians portray Frémont as controversial, impetuous, and contradictory. Some scholars regard him as a military hero of significant accomplishment, while others view him as a failure who repeatedly defeated his own best purposes. The keys to Frémont's character and personality may lie in his being born illegitimately, his ambitious drive for success, self-justification, and passive-aggressive behavior. Frémont's published reports and maps produced from his explorations significantly contributed to massive American emigration overland into the West starting in the 1840s. In June 1846 ...
Zena Howard: Cultural Expression in the Built Environment
Zena Howard, the principal architect at Perkins+Will, is internationally renowned for her success in leading visionary, complex and culturally-significant projects like the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. and many others across the country. Architect Howard believes that every site has a story and that her designs are distinguished by their attention to the physical, cultural and also the historical character that distinguishes one site from another.
Maine Art and Lyman Whitaker at Home in Maine
This Double Helix Vertical is mounted right to the deck. It stays out all year round and is a wonderful part of the view in every season. Add in the wind chimes and a little breeze, and all is good.
The Double Helix Vertical is available in multiple sizes.
Small * 5'0h x 2'2w * $575
Medium * 6'7h x 1'11w * $850
Large * 7'8h x 2'3w * $1,100
X-Large * 10'0h x 2'11w * $1,700
Sub-Huge * 13'5h x 3'10w * $2,400
Huge * 16'10h x 5'1w * $3,600
Ex-Huge * 21'4h x 5'10w * $7,200
Visit us at maine-art.com.
Maine Art Paintings and Sculptures is proud to represent Lyman Whitaker. For nearly thirty years Lyman has been creating his kinetic Wind Sculptures™. They are the original. Maine Art Paintings and Sculpture is in the heart of the Kennebunkport community and the only gallery that represents Lyman Whitaker in Maine. As you drive into Kennebunkport you are welcomed by the largest display of Lyman Whitaker Wind Sculptures™ in the Eastern United States.
About Lyman Whitaker Wind Sculpture™
The sculptures are hand crafted from copper, steel and stainless steel that provide beauty and strength. Ranging from 5 -27 feet, each Wind Sculpture™ is secured against theft and rests on a sealed ball bearing at the top of a vertical rod. They also come with a steel ground mount receptacle for simple installation. Lyman's designs permit the sculpture to be responsive to the currents of the wind, allowing changing forms to emerge in a slight breeze, yet balance in high winds.
The weathered color pallet fits extremely well with a variety of locales; the copper, brown, tan and green are all elements of the applied patina. The copper and stainless steel elements have a glistening effect as they move in the sun and low lighting definitely enhances the appeal at night. The sculptures are intriguing when caught in one's peripheral vision for a second, but not a diversion; up close, the experience is mesmerizing and interactive. The sculptures are hand crafted from copper, steel and stainless steel that provide beauty and strength. Ranging from 5 -27 feet, each Wind Sculpture™ is secured against theft and rests on a sealed ball bearing at the top of a vertical rod. They also come with a steel ground mount receptacle for simple installation. Lyman's designs permit the sculpture to be responsive to the currents of the wind, allowing changing forms to emerge in a slight breeze, yet balance in high winds.
The weathered color pallet fits extremely well with a variety of locales; the copper, brown, tan and green are all elements of the applied patina. The copper and stainless steel elements have a glistening effect as they move in the sun and low lighting definitely enhances the appeal at night. The sculptures are intriguing when caught in one's peripheral vision for a second, but not a diversion; up close, the experience is mesmerizing and interactive.
Kansas
Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ KAN-zəs is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansa Native American tribe which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind, although this was probably not the term's original meaning. Residents of Kansas are called Kansans. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the Eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the Western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue.
When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum, and sunflowers. Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 34th most populous of the 50 United States.
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Conversation on the Omar Ibn Said Collection
Scholars discussed the autobiography of Omar Ibn Said, the only known autobiography by a slave written in Arabic in the United States. It is a historically unique and important primary source for those trying to understand the connections between the Muslim communities in Western Africa and the slaves who continued to practice Islamic faith after being captured during the Atlantic slave trade.
Speaker Biography: Mary Jane Deeb is chief of the African and Middle Eastern division at the Library of Congress.
Speaker Biography: Ala Alryyes is a visiting associate professor of English, Queens College, CUNY.
Speaker Biography: Sylviane A. Diouf is a visiting professor at Brown University.
Speaker Biography: Adam Rothman is professor of history at Georgetown University.
For transcript and more information, visit
Wendell Willkie | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Wendell Willkie
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Wendell Lewis Willkie (born Lewis Wendell Willkie; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was an American lawyer and corporate executive, and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field's only interventionist: although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor, he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies. His Democratic opponent, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, won the 1940 election with about 55% of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin.
Willkie was born in Elwood, Indiana, in 1892; both his parents were lawyers, and he also became one. He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war, and saw no action. Willkie settled in Akron, Ohio, where he was initially employed by Firestone, but left for a law firm, becoming one of the leaders of the Akron Bar Association. Much of his work was representing electric utilities, and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation (C&S), a utility holding company. He was rapidly promoted, and became corporate president in 1933. Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S, and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) that would supply power in competition with C&S. Between 1933 and 1939, Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress, in the courts, and before the public. He was ultimately unsuccessful, but sold C&S's property for a good price, and gained public esteem.
A longtime Democratic activist, Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939. He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries, but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention. He sought backing from uncommitted delegates, while his supporters—many youthful—enthusiastically promoted his candidacy. As German forces advanced through western Europe in 1940, many Republicans did not wish to nominate an isolationist like Thomas E. Dewey, and turned to Willkie, who was nominated on the sixth ballot over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft. Willkie's support for aid to Britain removed it as a major factor in his race against Roosevelt, and Willkie also backed the president on a peacetime draft. Both men took more isolationist positions towards the end of the race. Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term, taking 38 of the 48 states.
After the election, Willkie made two wartime foreign trips as Roosevelt's informal envoy, and as nominal leader of the Republican Party gave the president his full support. This angered many conservatives, especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes. Willkie ran for the Republican nomination in 1944, but bowed out after a disastrous showing in the Wisconsin primary in April. He and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming, after the war, a liberal political party, but Willkie died in October 1944 before the idea could bear fruit. Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance in 1940, which allowed the president to aid Britain in its time of crisis.
1960 United States presidential election | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
1960 United States presidential election
00:02:43 1 Nominations
00:02:52 1.1 Democratic Party
00:03:01 1.1.1 Democratic candidates
00:06:09 1.1.2 Democratic convention
00:12:51 1.2 Republican Party
00:13:00 1.2.1 Republican candidates
00:14:42 2 General election
00:14:51 2.1 Campaign promises
00:16:51 2.2 Campaign events
00:22:10 2.3 Debates
00:26:00 2.4 Campaign issues
00:31:57 2.5 Results
00:36:55 2.5.1 Controversies
00:44:34 2.5.2 Popular votes
00:44:42 2.5.2.1 Alabama
00:46:16 2.5.2.2 Georgia
00:47:17 2.5.3 Unpledged Democratic electors
00:51:12 2.6 Geography of Results
00:51:21 2.6.1 Cartographic Gallery
00:51:30 2.6.2 Results by state
00:51:38 2.7 Close states
00:53:58 3 Electoral milestones
00:57:39 4 See also
00:58:07 5 Notes
00:58:16 6 Notes
00:58:24 7 Further reading
01:01:45 7.1 Primary sources
01:02:18 7.2 Historiography
01:02:43 8 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Nixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between United States and the Soviet Union.
Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory, and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent. The issue of the popular vote was complicated by the presence of several unpledged electors in the Deep South. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd, as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916, and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957–58, which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party, and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans. Furthermore, the new votes that Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic president, gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's, and Nixon's emphasis on his experience carried little weight for most voters. Kennedy used his large, well-funded campaign organization to win the nomination, secure endorsements, and, with the aid of the big-city bosses, get out the vote in the big cities. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South, and used television effectively. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Johnson. Nixon would later successfully seek the presidency in 1968.
United States presidential election, 1960 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
United States presidential election, 1960
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Nixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between United States and the Soviet Union.
Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory, and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent. The issue of the popular vote was complicated by the presence of several unpledged electors in the Deep South. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd, as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916, and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957–58, which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party, and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans. Furthermore, the new votes that Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic president, gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's, and Nixon's emphasis on his experience carried little weight for most voters. Kennedy used his large, well-funded campaign organization to win the nomination, secure endorsements, and, with the aid of the big-city bosses, get out the vote in the big cities. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South, and used television effectively. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Johnson. Nixon would later successfully seek the presidency in 1968.
Authors at Google: Kevin Bleyer, ME THE PEOPLE: One Man's Quest to Rewrite the Constitution...
We think of our Constitution as the painstakingly designed blueprint drawn up by, in Thomas Jefferson's words, an assembly of demigods who laid the foundation for the sturdiest republic ever created. The truth is, it was no blueprint at all but an Etch A Sketch, a haphazard series of blunders, shaken clean and redrawn countless times during a summer of petty debates, drunken ramblings, and desperate compromise—as much the product of an assembly of demigods as a confederacy of dunces.
William Tecumseh Sherman | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
William Tecumseh Sherman
00:02:06 1 Early life
00:03:26 1.1 Sherman's given names
00:04:52 1.2 Military training and service
00:07:57 1.3 Marriage and business career
00:10:24 1.4 Military college superintendent
00:13:01 1.5 St. Louis interlude
00:14:39 2 Civil War service
00:14:48 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run
00:16:02 2.2 Breakdown
00:18:27 2.3 Shiloh
00:21:19 2.4 Vicksburg
00:23:21 2.5 Chattanooga
00:25:21 2.6 Atlanta
00:27:54 2.7 March to the Sea
00:30:16 2.8 Final campaigns in the Carolinas
00:32:38 2.9 Confederate surrender
00:34:14 3 Slavery and emancipation
00:37:45 4 Strategies
00:39:29 4.1 Total warfare
00:43:20 4.2 Modern assessment
00:46:25 5 Departmental commander and Reconstruction
00:49:14 6 General of the Army
00:53:38 7 Later years
00:54:39 7.1 Death
00:55:20 8 Religious views
00:57:03 9 Monuments
00:58:04 10 Historiography
00:59:20 10.1 Autobiography and memoirs
01:03:28 10.2 Published correspondence
01:05:19 10.3 In popular culture
01:05:55 10.4 Sherman on U.S. postage
01:06:57 10.5 Sherman name in the military
01:07:57 11 Dates of rank
01:08:50 12 Writings
01:10:47 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched earth policies he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States.Sherman began his Civil War career serving in the First Battle of Bull Run and Kentucky in 1861. He served under General Ulysses S. Grant in 1862 and 1863 during the battles of forts Henry and Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga Campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the western theater of the war. He proceeded to lead his troops to the capture of the city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of Abraham Lincoln. Sherman's subsequent march through Georgia and the Carolinas further undermined the Confederacy's ability to continue fighting. He accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, after having been present at most major military engagements in the western theater.
When Grant assumed the U.S. presidency in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army, in which capacity he served from 1869 until 1883. As such, he was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars over the next 15 years. Sherman advocated total war against hostile Indians to force them back onto their reservations. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into politics and in 1875 published his Memoirs, one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War. British military historian B. H. Liddell Hart declared that Sherman was the first modern general.
Ulysses S. Grant | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:11 1 Early life and education
00:06:51 2 Early military career and personal life
00:07:02 2.1 West Point and first assignment
00:10:21 2.2 Marriage and family
00:11:26 2.3 Mexican–American War
00:14:41 2.4 Post-war assignments
00:17:49 3 Civilian struggles and politics
00:21:32 4 Civil War
00:22:34 4.1 Early commands
00:24:26 4.2 Belmont, Forts Henry and Donelson
00:29:01 4.3 Shiloh and aftermath
00:34:26 4.4 Vicksburg campaign
00:38:36 4.5 Chattanooga and promotion
00:41:55 4.6 Overland Campaign and Petersburg Siege
00:47:16 4.7 Appomattox campaign, and victory
00:49:25 4.8 Lincoln's assassination
00:50:44 5 Commanding General
00:51:45 5.1 Reconstruction
00:53:22 5.2 Break from Johnson
00:56:27 5.3 Election of 1868
00:58:57 6 Presidency (1869–1877)
01:01:49 6.1 Later Reconstruction and civil rights
01:08:38 6.2 Native American iPeace/i policy
01:12:10 6.3 Foreign affairs
01:16:49 6.4 Gold standard and gold conspiracy
01:20:32 6.5 Election of 1872 and second term
01:24:05 6.6 Panic of 1873 and loss of Congress
01:27:15 6.7 Scandals and reform
01:34:34 6.8 Election of 1876
01:36:14 7 Post-presidency
01:36:24 7.1 World tour and diplomacy
01:38:08 7.2 Third term attempt
01:40:26 7.3 Business reversals, speculation and confidence men
01:43:33 7.4 Memoirs, pension, and death
01:49:48 8 Historical reputation
01:53:12 9 Memorials and presidential library
01:55:44 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9501520319374683
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American soldier, politician, and international statesman who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. During the American Civil War, General Grant, with President Abraham Lincoln, led the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy. During the Reconstruction Era, President Grant led the Republicans in their efforts to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism, racism, and slavery.
From early childhood in Ohio, Grant was a skilled equestrian who had a talent for taming horses. He graduated from West Point in 1843 and served with distinction in the Mexican–American War. Upon his return, Grant married Julia Dent, and together they had four children. In 1854, Grant abruptly resigned from the army. He and his family struggled financially in civilian life for seven years. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Grant joined the Union Army and rapidly rose in rank to general. Grant was persistent in his pursuit of the Confederate enemy, winning major battles and gaining Union control of the Mississippi River. In March 1864, President Lincoln promoted Grant to Lieutenant General, a rank previously reserved for George Washington. For over a year Grant's Army of the Potomac fought the Army of Northern Virginia led by Robert E. Lee in the Overland Campaign and at Petersburg. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, and the war ended.
On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated. Grant continued his service under Lincoln's successor President Andrew Johnson and was promoted General of the Army in 1866. Disillusioned by Johnson's conservative approach to Reconstruction, Grant drifted toward the Radical Republicans. Elected the youngest 19th Century president in 1868, Grant stabilized the post-war national economy, created the Department of Justice, and prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan. He appointed African-Americans and Jewish-Americans to prominent federal offices. In 1871, Grant created the first Civil Service Commission. The Democrats and Liberal Republicans united behind Grant's opponent in the presidential election of 1872, but Grant was handily re-elected. Grant's new Peace Policy for Native Americans had both successes and failures. Grant's administration successfully resolv ...
The Ripple Effect at the 2019 TCG Annual Conference in Miami on Friday 7 June 2019
Ripple Effect: A Primer on Presenting, Producing, and Creating Performance in the Era of Climate Change
8:15 a.m. - 9:45 a.m. PDT (San Francisco) / 10:15 a.m. - 11:45 a.m. CDT (Chicago) / 11:15 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. EDT (Miami)
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Confronting climate change through theater and in our theaters requires all hands on deck. In this session, you’ll meet producers and artmakers who are revolutionizing the way the international performing arts community thinks, talks, and acts on climate justice, from ecological production practices to cli-fi playwriting. Learn about performances to program into your next season, tools to shift the culture of your theater, ways to prepare for climate disasters, and how to include hope and even humor as we all work together to face the greatest challenge of our time.
Portland, Maine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portland, Maine
00:01:08 1 History
00:06:01 2 Geography
00:06:51 2.1 Climate
00:08:42 3 Neighborhoods
00:09:58 4 Demographics
00:10:07 4.1 2010 census
00:12:34 4.2 2000 census
00:16:21 5 Economy
00:17:56 6 Culture
00:18:05 6.1 Sites of interest
00:19:41 6.1.1 Public parks
00:20:45 6.1.2 Notable buildings
00:22:43 6.2 Notable people
00:22:52 7 Media
00:25:47 7.1 Movies filmed in Portland
00:26:05 8 Sports
00:28:25 9 Food and beverage
00:31:14 10 Infrastructure
00:31:23 10.1 Government
00:34:01 10.2 Fire department
00:36:16 10.3 Education
00:36:24 10.3.1 High schools
00:36:42 10.3.2 Colleges and universities
00:37:02 10.4 Hospitals
00:37:52 11 Transportation
00:38:01 11.1 Roads
00:38:37 11.2 Intercity buses and trains
00:39:37 11.3 Airports
00:40:10 11.4 Water transportation
00:42:13 12 Honors
00:42:21 12.1 Food and drink
00:43:18 12.2 Lifestyle and travel
00:43:47 12.3 Other
00:44:51 13 Sister cities
00:45:16 14 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portland is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine, with a population of 67,067 as of 2017. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people, more than one-third of Maine's total population, making it the most populous metro in northern New England (an area comprising the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont). Portland is Maine's economic center, with an economy that relies on the service sector and tourism. The Old Port district is a popular destination known for its 19th century architecture and nightlife. Marine industry still plays an important role in the city's economy, with an active waterfront that supports fishing and commercial shipping. The Port of Portland is the largest tonnage seaport in New England. The city has also seen growth in the technology sector, with companies such as WEX building headquarters in the city. The city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes, which is a reference to the recoveries from four devastating fires. Portland was named after the English Isle of Portland, Dorset. The city of Portland, Oregon was named after Portland, Maine.
Richmond, Virginia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:14 1 History
00:03:23 1.1 Colonial era
00:04:19 1.2 Revolution
00:05:17 1.3 Early United States
00:08:04 1.4 Civil War
00:12:57 1.5 Postbellum
00:14:23 1.6 20th century
00:17:56 2 Geography and climate
00:19:37 2.1 Cityscape
00:23:23 2.2 Climate
00:27:59 3 Demographics
00:31:44 3.1 Crime
00:33:59 3.2 Religion
00:40:42 4 Economy
00:45:40 4.1 Fortune 500 companies and other large corporations
00:48:28 4.2 Poverty
00:49:22 5 Arts and culture
00:49:31 5.1 Museums and monuments
00:53:19 5.2 Visual and performing arts
00:54:05 5.2.1 Murals
00:54:23 5.2.2 Professional performing companies
00:57:50 5.2.3 Other venues and companies
01:02:07 5.3 Literary arts
01:03:33 5.4 Architecture
01:09:12 5.5 Historic districts
01:10:05 5.6 Food
01:10:39 6 Parks and outdoor recreation
01:14:38 7 Sports
01:18:11 8 Media
01:20:06 9 Government and politics
01:23:55 10 Education
01:25:15 10.1 Colleges and universities
01:26:32 11 Infrastructure
01:26:42 11.1 Transportation
01:30:22 11.2 Major highways
01:30:30 11.3 Utilities
01:32:53 12 International relations
01:33:03 12.1 Sister cities
01:33:33 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.90601071634439
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Richmond () is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region. Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871.
As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 204,214; in 2016, the population was estimated to be 223,170, making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia. The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.
Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, 100 miles (160 km) east of Lynchburg and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.
The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's Give me liberty or give me death speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the second and permanent capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a national hub of African-American commerce and culture.
Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Energy and WestRock, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.