The Jesuit Counter Reformation In Poland
The Old Town and Silesian Piast Castle in Brzeg (Poland)
The beautiful and historic town of Brzeg is a gem on the Map of Poland, and especially the whole region of Silesia (Lower Silesia, Opolskie, Silesia Voivodeships). The town features the Silesian Piast Castle (Zamek Piastów Śląskich), close to the River Odra, where in the Odranian Park (Nadodrzański Park) you will find the Odranian Gate (Brama Odrzańska).
The Old Town of Brzeg contains the Town Hall surrounded by the Town Square, from which streets take you to the Siesian Piast Castle, the Długa Street where you will find St. Nicholas' Church and various shops, boutiques and restaurants, the townhouses along the street and the whole of the Old Town show the historic charm of the town.
The Castle Square not only has the Silesian Piast Castle but also the grand Holy Cross Church and the Castle Gardens. The River Odra just to the North of the Silesian Piast Castle has the River Marina where there are daily boat trips to the neighbouring town of Oława.
Evangelical Church Assembly of God in Warsaw Poland
kezb.pl
Igreja Evangélica Assembléia de Deus em Varsóvia Polônia - Madureira
Evangelical Church Assembly of God in Warsaw Poland
Kościół Ewangeliczny Zgromadzenia Bożego w Warszawie
Ul. Wojnicka 2, IIp, róg Kawęczyńskiej - Praga Północ
Niedziela 10:00 – Nabożeństwo
Poniedziałek 18:00 – Modlitwa
Środa 18:00 – Grupa Wsparcia dla Osób Uzależnionych
Czwartek 18:00 – Nabożeństwo, Studium Biblijne
kezb.pl Tel. 664-183-163
Poland 2011
Here are a few video shots from my first trip to Poland with Piotr. We flew from Chicago to Warsaw and then drove to his grandma's house. Then we went to Cracow and then to Tomek and Agnieszka's wedding.
Pentecostal Church in Poland
Video Software we use:
Ad-free videos.
You can support us by purchasing something through our Amazon-Url, thanks :)
The Pentecostal Church in Poland is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in Poland.With 23,000 adherents and 230 congregations, it is the second largest Protestant church in Poland after the Evangelical-Augsburg Church.It is the largest Pentecostal denomination in Poland and a part of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship.he Kosciol Zielonoswiatkowy emerged from the United Evangelical Church of Poland, which consisted of five Protestant denominations during communism.
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited vision.
Article available under a Creative Commons license
Image source in video
Pope to Visit Czestochowa - Perspectives Daily
Pope Francis meets with the President of Poland and reveals his travel plans for this summer. The Angelus address takes an unexpected turn, Pope Francis travels to Florence, and Asia Bibi gets support from the European Union.
Baptism of Fire - 300330X | Footage Farm Ltd
Footage Farm is a historical audio-visual library. The footage in this video constitutes an unedited historical document and has been uploaded for research purposes. Some viewers may find the archive material upsetting. Footage Farm does not condone the views expressed in this video.
For broadcast quality material of this clip or to know more about our Public Domain collection, contact us at info@footagefarm.co.uk
[Pre-WWII - 1939, Poland: German Military Advance & Repairing Bomb Damage. Polish POWs]
Animated map of German aerial attacks on Polish cities. German bomber formation overhead. Map. Bombing dates announced.
01:01:05 German soldiers into & examine bomb crater alongside damaged fuel storage tank. Pan ruins including Polish railway yards, twisted rails & destroyed equipment. Damaged & burned radio antenna, planes, vehicles & aircraft hangars.
01:03:56 German airmen rest, clean guns & set up camp outside Aeroklub-Bydgoski airport hanger. Drill, shave, cook, dig ditches.
01:04:55 Aerial of filled (?) bomb craters & parked German aircraft. Men marching / drilling w/ rifles.
01:05:23 MCU sign (German) on wooden picket fence.
01:05:30 Aerial over undamaged rail yard & destroyed highway river bridges. Polish refugees sitting on riverbank; crossing in large rowboats, throw flowers at German troops.
01:06:35 German trucks & heavy artillery units advance on dusty road. Cavalry along river. Troops cleanng up debris & equipment stuck in sand & mud.
01:07:24 Map of German advance. German troops guard Polish civilian & military prisoners of war; marched along road.
WW2; 1930s; POWs;
NOTE: In our experience German Nazi era material is considered in the public domain throughout the world. If users feel any further clearances are necessary they are to be their own responsibility.
POLAND:ROMNEY ADVISOR SAYS TRIP GREAT SUCCESS
To License This Clip, Click Here:
#LetsBeOne – A message from Poland to WYD
Today we meet Michal from Poland, the host country.
Michal who is active in the l’Arche community founded by Jean Vanier, will be attending the WYD.
But he will be with his group of people, all living with disabilities. He will be there first to serve, before experiencing for himself this great gathering.
Learn how much the young man is receiving from his work.
(Production: Catholic Radio and Television Network)
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation, often referred to simply as the Reformation, was the schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestant Reformers. Although there had been significant attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church before Luther—notably those of John Wycliffe and Jan Hus—the date most usually given for the start of the Reformation is 1517, when Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses. Luther started by criticizing the relatively recent practice of selling indulgences started by the Roman Catholic Church, partially to fund the construction of the St. Peter's Basilica; he attacked the indulgence system, insisting that the pope had no authority over purgatory and that the doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the gospel. The debate widened until it touched on many of the doctrines and devotional Catholic practices. The Reformation is generally considered to have concluded in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia that ended the Thirty Years' War and a wider conflict known as the European wars of religion.
The Reformation movement within Germany diversified almost immediately, and other reform impulses arose independently of Luther. The largest groupings were the Lutherans and Calvinists (or Reformed); Lutheran churches were founded mostly in Germany, the Baltics and Scandinavia, while Reformed churches were founded in France, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Scotland. The new movement influenced the Church of England decisively after 1547 under Edward VI and Elizabeth I, although the national church had been made independent under Henry VIII in the early 1530s for political rather than religious reasons. There were also reformation movements throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation which gave rise to the Anabaptist, Moravian, and other pietistic movements.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
WYD: What’s coming back to North Carolina?
Michael Bayer, senior director of Youth and Young Adult Ministry, discusses how the WYD experience in Krakow, Poland extends to North Carolina.
Chopin Singing Society: Feast of the Assumption
LINK:
The Chopin Singing Society performed at the Chuch of the Assumption in Buffalo, NY on August 15, 2010.
Kościół w Przemęcie okiem drona
Kościół w Przemęcie okiem drona
U.C.S. A SAN SEBASTIAN
La Iena intenta a danzare i balli baschi alla Semana Grande di San Sebastian
Comenius Project Traditions Unite Us IIS Malafarina Soverato Grecia 2014
Comenius multilateral school partnership Traditions Unite us 2012-2014 ITG G. Malafarina Soverato Meeting in Greece Trikery 31 March 5 April 2014
Protestant Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Protestant Reformation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Reformation (more fully the Protestant Reformation, or the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe.
It is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517 and lasted until the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. It led to the division of Western Christianity into different confessions (Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Anabaptist, Unitarian, etc.). By the time of its arrival, Western Christianity was only compromised in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, where Utraquist Hussitism was officially acknowledged by both the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor; in addition, various movements (including Lollards in England and Waldensians in Italy and France) were still being actively suppressed.
Although there had been earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church – such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Girolamo Savonarola – Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety-five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation incorporated doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.
The initial movement in Germany diversified, and other reformers arose independently of Luther. The groundwork of the Reformation was developed by three major reformers: Luther in Wittenberg, Zwingli in Zürich and Calvin in Geneva. Depending on country, the Reformation had varying causes, background, and also unfolded differently than in Germany. The spread of Gutenberg's printing press provided the means for the rapid dissemination of religious materials in the vernacular. Lutheran churches were founded in Germany, the Baltics and Scandinavia, and Reformed ones in Switzerland, Hungary, France, the Netherlands and Scotland. The movement influenced the Church of England after 1547, under Edward VI and Elizabeth I, although the English Reformation had begun under Henry VIII in 1534.
Reformation movements throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation gave rise to various Anabaptist movements. Radical Reformers, besides forming communities outside state sanction, often employed more extreme doctrinal change, such as the rejection of the tenets of the councils of Nicaea and Chalcedon. Anabaptism suffered a major blow early in the German Peasants' War and was persecuted for centuries after that. The Reformation in Transylvania led to the emergence of Unitarianism; it is historically considered a exceptional event in church history.
The Catholic Church responded with a Counter-Reformation, initiated by the Council of Trent in 1545, and a new order, the Jesuits, founded in 1540. Northern Europe, with the exception of most of Ireland, came under the influence of Protestantism. Southern Europe remained Catholic, except Greece, which remained predominantly Eastern Orthodox, as did Eastern European countries of Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. Central Europe became a site of a fierce conflict that culminated in the Thirty Years' War.
Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Reformation
00:03:47 1 Origins and early history
00:04:55 1.1 Earlier schisms
00:07:14 1.2 Martin Luther and the beginning
00:08:21 1.3 Magisterial Reformation
00:10:16 1.4 Radical Reformation
00:11:20 1.5 Literacy
00:13:04 1.6 Causes of the Reformation
00:14:42 2 Reformation in Germany
00:15:36 2.1 Before princely support
00:17:04 2.2 Princes' Reformation
00:18:18 3 Reformation outside Germany
00:18:37 3.1 Austria
00:19:08 3.2 Czech Lands
00:19:24 3.2.1 Jan Hus
00:19:56 3.2.2 Hussite movement
00:21:13 3.3 Switzerland
00:21:32 3.3.1 Huldrych Zwingli
00:24:02 3.3.2 John Calvin
00:25:53 3.4 Nordic countries
00:26:23 3.4.1 Sweden
00:27:13 3.4.2 Denmark
00:28:04 3.4.3 Iceland
00:29:05 3.5 England
00:29:13 3.5.1 Church of England
00:32:50 3.5.2 English dissenters
00:35:54 3.6 Wales
00:36:43 3.7 Scotland
00:37:57 3.8 France
00:41:32 3.9 Spain
00:44:58 3.10 Portugal
00:45:14 3.11 Netherlands
00:46:04 3.12 Belgium
00:46:40 3.13 Luxembourg
00:46:53 3.14 Hungary
00:49:57 3.15 Romania
00:50:27 3.16 Ukraine
00:50:56 3.17 Belarus
00:51:15 3.18 Ireland
00:52:38 3.19 Italy
00:54:16 3.20 Poland and Lithuania
00:56:37 3.21 Moldova
00:56:56 3.22 Slovenia
00:57:28 3.23 Slovakia
00:58:06 3.24 Croatia
00:58:19 3.25 Serbia
00:58:30 3.26 Greece
00:59:39 4 Spread
00:59:58 4.1 At its peak
01:00:43 4.2 At its end
01:01:17 5 Conclusion and legacy
01:01:26 5.1 End of the Reformation
01:02:48 5.1.1 Thirty Years' War: 1618–1648
01:04:42 5.2 Consequences of the Reformation
01:05:03 5.2.1 Human capital formation
01:05:33 5.2.2 Protestant ethic
01:06:04 5.2.3 Economic development
01:06:32 5.2.4 Governance
01:07:02 5.2.5 Negative outcomes
01:07:48 5.3 Historiography
01:08:38 5.4 Music and the Reformation
01:09:14 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Reformation (more fully the Protestant Reformation, or the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe.
It is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517 and lasted until the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. It led to the division of Western Christianity into different confessions (Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Anabaptist, Unitarian, etc.). By the time of its arrival, Western Christianity was only compromised in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, where Utraquist Hussitism was officially acknowledged by both the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor; in addition, various movements (including Lollards in England and Waldensians in Italy and France) were still being actively suppressed.
Although there had been earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church – such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Girolamo Savonarola – Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety-five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation incorporated doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.
The initial movement in Germany diversified, and other reformers arose independently of Luther. The groundwork of the Reformation was developed by three major reformers: Luther in Wittenberg, Zwingli in Zürich and Calvin in Geneva. Depending on country, the Reformati ...
Gora Slaska Polska
Support us on Patreon!
patreon.com/sz8
All the money from supporting us on Patreon will go towards making better/higher quality videos!
~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Iceland 4k
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:06:45 1 Origins and early history
00:06:55 1.1 Earlier reform movements
00:11:00 1.2 Magisterial Reformation
00:14:51 1.3 Radical Reformation
00:16:05 1.4 Literacy
00:18:25 1.5 Causes of the Reformation
00:20:30 2 Reformation in Germany
00:25:12 3 Reformation outside Germany
00:25:34 3.1 Austria
00:26:13 3.2 Czech Lands
00:26:31 3.2.1 Jan Hus
00:27:10 3.2.2 Hussite movement
00:28:50 3.3 Switzerland
00:29:12 3.3.1 Huldrych Zwingli
00:32:30 3.3.2 John Calvin
00:34:58 3.4 Nordic countries
00:35:34 3.4.1 Sweden
00:36:44 3.4.2 Finland
00:36:52 3.4.3 Denmark
00:38:00 3.4.4 Faroe Islands
00:38:09 3.4.5 Iceland
00:39:27 3.5 England
00:39:36 3.5.1 Church of England
00:44:26 3.5.2 English dissenters
00:48:35 3.6 Wales
00:49:37 3.7 Scotland
00:51:14 3.8 Estonia
00:51:23 3.9 Ethiopia
00:51:31 3.10 France
00:56:52 3.11 Spain
01:01:29 3.12 Portugal
01:01:49 3.13 Netherlands
01:02:52 3.14 Belgium
01:03:45 3.15 Latvia
01:03:54 3.16 Luxembourg
01:04:15 3.17 Hungary
01:08:20 3.18 Romania
01:08:59 3.19 Ukraine
01:09:23 3.20 Belarus
01:09:43 3.21 Ireland
01:11:31 3.22 Italy
01:13:37 3.23 Poland and Lithuania
01:16:38 3.24 Moldova
01:17:05 3.25 Slovenia
01:17:44 3.26 Slovakia
01:18:31 3.27 Croatia
01:18:44 3.28 Serbia
01:18:57 3.29 Greece
01:20:40 3.30 Ottoman Empire
01:20:49 4 Spread
01:21:59 5 Conclusion and legacy
01:24:11 5.1 Thirty Years' War: 1618–1648
01:26:30 5.2 Consequences of the Reformation
01:26:55 5.2.1 Human capital formation
01:27:32 5.2.2 Protestant ethic
01:28:10 5.2.3 Economic development
01:28:44 5.2.4 Governance
01:29:47 5.2.5 Negative outcomes
01:30:44 5.3 Historiography
01:31:47 5.4 Music and art
01:35:34 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7694360468860285
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Reformation (more fully the Protestant Reformation, or the European Reformation) was a movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517, there was no schism until the 1521 Edict of Worms. The edicts of the Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas. The end of the Reformation era is disputed, it could be considered to end with the enactment of the confessions of faith which began the Age of Orthodoxy. Other suggested ending years relate to the Counter-Reformation, the Peace of Westphalia, or that it never ended since there are still Protestants today.
Movements had been made towards a Reformation prior to Luther, so some Protestants in the tradition of the Radical Reformation prefer to credit the start of the Reformation to reformers such as Arnold of Brescia, Peter Waldo, Jan Hus, Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného, John Wycliffe, and Girolamo Savonarola. Due to the reform efforts of Huss and others in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Utraquist Hussitism was officially acknowledged by both the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, although other movements were still subject to persecution, as were the including Lollards in England and Waldensians in Italy and France.
Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Treasury of Merit had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation developed further to include a distinction between Law and Gospel, a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper doctrine (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus is the only way to receive God's pardon for sin (sola fide) rather than good works. Although this is generally considered a Protestant belief, a similar formulation was taught by Molinist and Jansenist Catholics. The priesthood of all believers downplayed the need for saints or priests to serve as mediators, and ...
Reformation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Reformation
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Reformation (more fully the Protestant Reformation, or the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe.
It is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517 and lasted until the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. It led to the division of Western Christianity into different confessions (Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Anabaptist, Unitarian, etc.). By the time of its arrival, Western Christianity was only compromised in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, where Utraquist Hussitism was officially acknowledged by both the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor; in addition, various movements (including Lollards in England and Waldensians in Italy and France) were still being actively suppressed.
Although there had been earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church – such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Girolamo Savonarola – Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety-five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation incorporated doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.
The initial movement in Germany diversified, and other reformers arose independently of Luther. The groundwork of the Reformation was developed by three major reformers: Luther in Wittenberg, Zwingli in Zürich and Calvin in Geneva. Depending on country, the Reformation had varying causes, background, and also unfolded differently than in Germany. The spread of Gutenberg's printing press provided the means for the rapid dissemination of religious materials in the vernacular. Lutheran churches were founded in Germany, the Baltics and Scandinavia, and Reformed ones in Switzerland, Hungary, France, the Netherlands and Scotland. The movement influenced the Church of England after 1547, under Edward VI and Elizabeth I, although the English Reformation had begun under Henry VIII in 1534.
Reformation movements throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation gave rise to various Anabaptist movements. Radical Reformers, besides forming communities outside state sanction, often employed more extreme doctrinal change, such as the rejection of the tenets of the councils of Nicaea and Chalcedon. Anabaptism suffered a major blow early in the German Peasants' War and was persecuted for centuries after that. The Reformation in Transylvania led to the emergence of Unitarianism; it is historically considered a exceptional event in church history.
The Catholic Church responded with a Counter-Reformation, initiated by the Council of Trent in 1545, and a new order, the Jesuits, founded in 1540. Northern Europe, with the exception of most of Ireland, came under the influence of Protestantism. Southern Europe remained Catholic, except Greece, which remained predominantly Eastern Orthodox, as did Eastern European countries of Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and Serbia. Central Europe became a site of a fierce conflict that culminated in the Thirty Years' War.