Aerial view of Thibodaux, La - May 2015
Taken with DJI Phantom 3 Advanced over the old Red Cross building anti flicker 50 hz video set at 720 30 fps
History of Chicago and The Great Migration: Carol Adams & Timuel Black - Shimer College Ideas Series
▶️ The documentary and oral history of Chicago & The Great Migration, a discussion between Dr. Carol Adams & Historian Timuel Black; Presented by The Illinois Institute of Technology in collaboration with Shimer College.
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This year Shimer College joins the City of Chicago in celebrating the centennial of the Great Migration during black history month and beyond. In anticipation for 2016, we are kicking off the remembrance and festivity with this video of two celebrated American contemporaries, Dr. Carol Adams and historian Timuel Black. In this talk, Adams and Carol draw on both oral narrative and documentary accounts of this watershed moment in American History, to paint a vibrant picture of pre & post civil rights movement Chicago—the struggles it faced and continues to face. Touching on the eclipse of slavery through the injustice insidious Jim Crow, the speakers relate how their own legacies of flight from the South were intimately born of the American racial story. As the battle against everyday racism as well as institutionalized racist culture & law persists into this century, this video talk assists in broadening public discourse past Martin Luther King and Malcom X toward a richer historical context in which these figures had and continue to have meaning for national dialogue.
This video talk is brought to you by Shimer College's new youtube program Bright Ideas: a Thought Series from Chicago. Check out and subscribe to our channel for free lectures, talks, symposia, artistic performances, and more.
----- Many Thanks to:
Zenobia Johnson-Black, Danielle Broadwater, Osa Buchner, Vanessa Harris, Patricia Martin, Pattie Petrowski, Isabella Winkler
Illinois Tech Undergraduate Admissions; Office of Student Access, Success and Diversity Initiatives; National Society of Black Engineers; Information Technology Services; and Black Student Union
Shimer College Office of Admission, Office of Student Life, and Quality of Life Committee
---- Produced by:
Lisa Montgomery
Director of the Illinois Tech Center for Diversity and Inclusion
Stuart Patterson
Associate Professor of Liberal Arts, Shimer College
--About Shimer--
For those of you who are just discovering Shimer for the first time, Shimer is an alternative liberal arts College where students study a comprehensive “Great Books” program. This is just to say that our students take all seminar style classes instead of lectures, reading and discussing transformative books of the various fields of the liberal arts--math, science, philosophy, art, literature, psychology, sociology, anthropology and political science. We offer traditional four-year degrees, early entrance, and transfer paths. Oh, and of course, the financial aid and scholarships you need to make such a real education possible. Our biggest scholarship opportunities are the Dangerous Optimist Scholarship for transfer students transferring in the spring, and the Montaigne Scholarship for new students beginning in the fall. These scholarships, like our education, are designed to take you seriously—to meet you halfway and acknowledge the real seriousness of purpose and (in all honesty) the risk you take in applying.
[From: Wikipedia]
-- - --About the Great Migration-- - --
The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. Some historians differentiate between the first Great Migration (1910–1930), numbering about 1.6 million migrants who left mostly rural areas to migrate to northern industrial cities; and, after a lull during the Great Depression, a Second Great Migration (1940–1970), in which 5 million or more people moved from the South, including many to California and other western states. Between 1910 and 1970, blacks moved from 14 states of the South, especially Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, to the other three cultural (and census-designated) regions of the United States. According to US census figures, Georgia was the only Deep South state which suffered net declines in its African American population for three consecutive decades from 1920–1950. More townspeople with urban skills moved during the second migration...
A reverse migration has gathered strength since 1965...As early as 1975 to 1980, seven southern states were net black migration gainers. African-American populations have continued to drop throughout much of the Northeast, particularly with black emigration out of the state of New York, as well as out of Northern New Jersey as they rise in the Southern United States.
Citation:
Wikipedia contributors, Great Migration (African American), (accessed November 2, 2015).
Amalgamated Foods Employees Union v. Logan Valley Plaza, Inc. Summary | quimbee.com
An animated case brief of Amalgamated Foods Employees Union Local 590 v. Logan Valley Plaza, Inc., 391 U.S. 308 (1968). Read the full text of the case brief at
Logan Valley Plaza, Inc. (plaintiff) owned a shopping center occupied by Weis Grocery and Sears Roebuck and Co. Shortly after the opening of Weis, Amalgamated Food Employees Union Local 590 (Amalgamated) (defendant) began peacefully picketing the store’s labor practices, in front of it, on the grounds that it did not use union labor. Logan Valley did not like this and filed suit in the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas, which enjoined the picketing and trespassing. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania affirmed, and the United States Supreme Court granted certiorari.
African American Experience Lecture Series - Walter Johnson
The third African-American Experience Lecture, No Rights Which the White man Was Bound to Respect: Racial Capitalism and Empire in the Age of Dred Scott by Walter Johnson on April 21, 2016.
Walter Johnson, is a professor of African and African American Studies at Harvard University. He is also the author of Soul by Soul and River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Imperialism in the Mississippi Valley. In this presentation, Johnson uses Dred Scott's personal struggle for freedom and the controversial outcome of his US Supreme Court case as a lens to help illuminate the central role of St. Louis in the imperialist and racial capitalist history of the United States. In addition to his research and role as Winthrop Professor of History, Johnson is director of Harvard's Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History.
The African American Lecture series explores the history of black Americans in Missouri from the earliest period of statehood to the present.
This lecture series offers the Mizzou and Columbia community opportunities to gain a new understanding of present-day Missouri by learning about the history of African Americans within the state. This series is a collaboration between the Division of Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity, and the State Historical Society of Missouri's Center for Missouri Studies.
Voices and Visions Of St. Louis: Past, Present, Future Keynote Panel
3/30/16
From the Civil War to the recent troubles in Ferguson, St. Louis, Missouri is a city that has long been a site for conflict, division, and violence. It also has hosted an array of legal, political, social, and design experiments intended to transcend its contested present and past. With this forum, jointly mounted with the Sam Foxx School of Design at Washington University, we seek to stimulate a conversation about the city’s history and its present conditions, using methodologies and questions drawn from architecture, design, and planning as well as the arts, humanities and social sciences. The aim is to explore and debate issues of injustice, inequality, and racial exclusion in ways that have broader resonance for urban America and will open new terrains for constructive action. Topics include the history of modernist planning, the urban impacts of post-civil war politics and governance, the social and spatial correlates of racial exclusion, and the planning and design responses that have been proposed to counter these conditions.
Open to the public with a keynote on Wednesday evening and subsequent panels showcasing the perspectives of a wide array of actors and institutions who have made cities such as St. Louis what they are today; closing on Friday with an array of GSD-based exhibitions, projects, and presentations from GSD students and faculty.
Organized by Diane Davis, chair of the Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD, with:
Eve Blau, adjunct professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD
Sylvester Brown, Journalist, St. Louis
Daniel D’Oca, Associate Professor in Practice of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD; co-founder of Interboro Partners
Adrienne Davis, Vice Provost and William M. Van Cleve Professor of Law at Washington University in St. Louis
Jill Desimini, assistant professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, Harvard GSD
Catalina Freixas, assistant professor of architecture, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Antonio French, Alderman of the 21st Ward, City of St. Louis
Margaret Garb, professor, Department of History at Washington University in St. Louis
Colin Gordon, professor, Department of History at University of Iowa
Toni Griffin, professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD
Joseph Heathcott, associate professor of urban studies, The New School/Parsons School of Design
Patty Heyda, assistant professor of architecture and urban design, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Walter Johnson, professor, Department of African and African American Studies, and director of the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History at Harvard University
Eric Mumford, Rebecca and John Voyles Professor of Architecture, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Jamilah Nasheed, Missouri State Senator
Jason Q. Purnell, assistant professor, Brown School, and faculty scholar in the Institute for Public Health at Washington University in St. Louis; and head of the “For the Sake of All” initiative
Ken Reardon, director of the Department of Urban Planning and Community Development at University of Massachusetts Boston
M. K. Stallings, Founder of UrbArts
Denise Ward-Brown, associate professor of art, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Michael Willis, Architect, MWA Architects
Heather Woofter, Professor of Architecture and Chair of Architecture, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis.
Voices and Visions Of St. Louis: Past, Present, Future Panel One: The Civil War(s) in St. Louis
From the Civil War to the recent troubles in Ferguson, St. Louis, Missouri is a city that has long been a site for conflict, division, and violence. It also has hosted an array of legal, political, social, and design experiments intended to transcend its contested present and past. With this forum, jointly mounted with the Sam Foxx School of Design at Washington University, we seek to stimulate a conversation about the city’s history and its present conditions, using methodologies and questions drawn from architecture, design, and planning as well as the arts, humanities and social sciences. The aim is to explore and debate issues of injustice, inequality, and racial exclusion in ways that have broader resonance for urban America and will open new terrains for constructive action. Topics include the history of modernist planning, the urban impacts of post-civil war politics and governance, the social and spatial correlates of racial exclusion, and the planning and design responses that have been proposed to counter these conditions.
Open to the public with a keynote on Wednesday evening and subsequent panels showcasing the perspectives of a wide array of actors and institutions who have made cities such as St. Louis what they are today; closing on Friday with an array of GSD-based exhibitions, projects, and presentations from GSD students and faculty.
Organized by Diane Davis, chair of the Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD, with:
Eve Blau, adjunct professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD
Sylvester Brown, Journalist, St. Louis
Daniel D’Oca, Associate Professor in Practice of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD; co-founder of Interboro Partners
Adrienne Davis, Vice Provost and William M. Van Cleve Professor of Law at Washington University in St. Louis
Jill Desimini, assistant professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, Harvard GSD
Catalina Freixas, assistant professor of architecture, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Antonio French, Alderman of the 21st Ward, City of St. Louis
Margaret Garb, professor, Department of History at Washington University in St. Louis
Colin Gordon, professor, Department of History at University of Iowa
Toni Griffin, professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Harvard GSD
Joseph Heathcott, associate professor of urban studies, The New School/Parsons School of Design
Patty Heyda, assistant professor of architecture and urban design, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Walter Johnson, professor, Department of African and African American Studies, and director of the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History at Harvard University
Eric Mumford, Rebecca and John Voyles Professor of Architecture, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Jamilah Nasheed, Missouri State Senator
Jason Q. Purnell, assistant professor, Brown School, and faculty scholar in the Institute for Public Health at Washington University in St. Louis; and head of the “For the Sake of All” initiative
Ken Reardon, director of the Department of Urban Planning and Community Development at University of Massachusetts Boston
M. K. Stallings, Founder of UrbArts
Denise Ward-Brown, associate professor of art, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis
Michael Willis, Architect, MWA Architects
Heather Woofter, Professor of Architecture and Chair of Architecture, Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University in St. Louis.
Jim Crow laws
The Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws enacted between 1876 and 1965 in the United States at the state and local level. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a separate but equal status for African Americans. The separation in practice led to conditions for African Americans that tended to be inferior to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. De jure segregation mainly applied to the Southern United States. While Northern segregation was generally de facto, there were patterns of segregation in housing enforced by covenants, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory union practices for decades.
Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated, as were federal workplaces, initiated in 1913 under President Woodrow Wilson, the first Southern president since 1856. His administration practiced overt racial discrimination in hiring, requiring candidates to submit photos.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Administrative divisions of the United States | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Administrative divisions of the United States
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Political divisions (also referred to as administrative divisions) of the United States are the various recognized governing entities that together form the United States — states, territories, the District of Columbia, and Indian reservations.
The primary first-level political (administrative) division of the United States is the state. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. According to numerous decisions of the United States Supreme Court, the 50 individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions.All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches (although the three-branch structure is not Constitutionally required): executive, legislative, and judicial. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes, or treaties ratified by the U.S. Senate, and are organized as presidential systems where the governor is both head of government and head of state (even though this too is not required). The various states are then typically subdivided into counties. Louisiana uses the term parish and Alaska uses the term borough for what the Census terms county equivalents in those states.
Counties and county equivalents may be further subdivided into townships. Towns in New York, Wisconsin and New England are treated as equivalents to townships by the United States Census Bureau. Towns or townships are used as subdivisions of a county in 20 states, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest.Population centers may be organized into incorporated cities, towns, villages, and other types of municipalities. Municipalities are typically subordinate to a county government, with some exceptions. Certain cities, for example, have consolidated with their county government as consolidated city-counties. In Virginia, cities are completely independent from the county in which they would otherwise be a part. In some states, particularly in New England, towns form the primary unit of local government below the state level, in some cases eliminating the need for county government entirely.
The government of each of the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories is also modeled and organized after the federal government. Each is further subdivided into smaller entities. Puerto Rico has 78 municipalities, and the Northern Mariana Islands has 4 municipalities. Guam has villages, the U.S. Virgin Islands has districts, and American Samoa has districts and unorganized atolls.Other U.S. sub-national divisions include the District of Columbia, several minor outlying islands, and Indian reservations, all of which are administered by the Federal government. Each Indian Reservation is subdivided in various ways. For example, the Navajo Nation is subdivided into agencies and Chapter houses, while the Blackfeet Nation is subdivided into Communities. The Federal government also maintains exclusive jurisdiction over military installations and American embassies and consulates located in foreign countries. Other special purpose divisions exist separately from those for general governance, examples of which include conservation districts and Congressional districts.
According to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service,
Federal and state governments are established and recognized by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Federally recognized Indian tribal governments are recognized by the U.S. Constitution, treaties, statutes and court decisions. Other entities may be recognized as governments by state law, court decision, or an examination of facts and circumstances that indicate it has the characteristics of a government, such as powers of taxation, law enforce ...
St. Louis | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
St. Louis
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, which marks Missouri's border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2018 population of 308,626 and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis Metropolitan area (home to nearly 3,000,000 people), which is the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States.
Prior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.
The economy of metropolitan St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. Its metro area is home to major corporations, including Anheuser-Busch, Express Scripts, Centene, Boeing Defense, Emerson, Energizer, Panera, Enterprise, Peabody Energy, Ameren, Post Holdings, Monsanto, Edward Jones, Go Jet, Purina and Sigma-Aldrich. Nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri are located within the St. Louis metropolitan area. This city has also become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical and research presence. St. Louis has two professional sports teams: the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball and the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League. The city is commonly identified with the 630-foot (192 m) tall Gateway Arch in the city's downtown.
Harold Hitz Burton | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Harold Hitz Burton
00:01:27 1 Early life
00:03:13 2 Marriage and family
00:03:46 3 Early career
00:04:48 4 Politics
00:06:14 5 Supreme Court
00:06:24 5.1 Nomination
00:07:28 5.2 Judicial philosophy and working style
00:09:41 5.3 Cold War, loyalty oath, and subversion rulings
00:13:32 5.4 Church and state
00:15:34 5.5 Criminal procedure
00:19:39 5.6 Antitrust
00:23:36 5.7 Racial segregation
00:28:10 5.7.1 Role in iBrown v. Board of Education/i
00:34:57 5.8 Resignation
00:38:18 6 Retirement
00:38:52 7 Legacy
00:39:54 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Harold Hitz Burton (June 22, 1888 – October 28, 1964) was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 45th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, as a U.S. Senator from Ohio, and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Born in Boston, Burton practiced law in Cleveland after graduating from Harvard Law School. After serving in the United States Army during World War I, Burton became active in Republican Party politics and won election to the Ohio House of Representatives. After serving as the mayor of Cleveland, Burton won election to the United States Senate in 1940. After the retirement of Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts, President Harry S. Truman successfully nominated Burton to the Supreme Court. Burton served on the Court until 1958, when he was succeeded by Potter Stewart.
Burton was known as a dispassionate, pragmatic, somewhat plodding jurist who preferred to rule on technical and procedural rather than constitutional grounds. He was also seen as an affable justice who helped ease tension on the court during an extremely acrimonious time. He wrote the majority opinion in Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath (1951) and Lorain Journal Co. v. United States (1951). He also helped shape the Court's unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).