The Han Empire (206 BC-220 AD) - Documentary
The Han Empire (206 BC-220 AD) - Documentary
The reign of the Han Empire lasted more than 400 years. Many achievements had been made. The most important of all was the annihilation of the Xiongnu, which led to the peaceful development of the Hexi Corridor that made it possible for the establishment of the Silk Road to promote trade and cultural exchanges for centuries.
The Han dynasty and the Xiongnu confederated state were at war from 133 BC to 89 AD. During the reign of Emperor Wu (Liu Che 156 BC – 87 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu often intruded into the northern borders of the Han Empire.
Emperor Wu changed from a relatively passive foreign policy to an offensive strategy. In 133 BC, the conflict escalated to a full-scale war when the Xiongnu realized that the Han was about to ambush them at Mayi. The Han court decided to deploy several military expeditions to the regions in the Ordos Loop, Hexi Corridor, and Gobi Desert in a successful attempt to conquer it and expel the Xiongnu. Hereafter, the war progressed further to the many smaller states of the Western Regions. The nature of the battles varied through time with many casualties during the changes of possession or loss of actual control over the western states near the frontier regions. Regional alliances also tended to shift or get broken forcibly depending on the situation as one party gained the upper hand in a certain territory over the other. The Han empire's political influence expanded deep into Central Asia. As the situation deteriorated for the Xiongnu, civil war befell and weakened the confederation. Eventually, the Southern Xiongnu submitted to the Han empire while the Northern Xiongnu continued to resist. Marked by significant events involving the conquests over various smaller states for control and many large-scale battles, the war resulted in the total victory of the Han empire over the Xiongnu state by 89 AD.
In 111 BC, after Xiongnu was repelled by the Han forces, four command posts were established by the imperial court of Han empire in the Hexi Corridor. They were Jiuquan, Zhangyi, Dunhuang, and Wuwei. The administrative and courier systems spread all over the Hexi region. The sphere of influence of the Han Dynasty also expanded to the Western Regions through the Hexi Corridor. Through the introduction of Xuanquanzhi, a posthouse in Dunhuang Command post, Marquis Changluo Chang Hui made outstanding achievements in the Western Regions and the Hexi Corridor and played a significant role in Han’s management of the Western Regions as a strategic area.
Until the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty later, the trade on the Silk Road played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance political and economic relations between the civilizations for about 1,600 years. . Though silk was the major trade item exported from China, many other goods were traded, and religions, syncretic philosophies, and various technologies also spread along the Silk Road. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road was a route for cultural exchanges among the civilizations in the area.
Chinese History playlist:
【Neko lau】#Vlog 2014-08-25 Han Dynasty Great Wall & Jade Gate Pass
The Great Wall of the Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD), the longest one in history, once spanned over 6,214 miles (10,000 kilometers) across deserts, grasslands, mountains, rivers, and plains in north China. It consisted of an outer wall and an inner wall. Today, relics have been found in Yumen and Dunhuang in Gansu Province, Hohhot, Baotou, and Bayannur in Inner Mongolia, Chengde in Hebei Province, and Fuxin in Liaoning Province.
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What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary - Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen
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The Great Wall of China is a 13,000-mile dragon of earth and stone that winds its way through the countryside of China. As it turns out, the wall’s history is almost as long and serpentine as its structure. Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen detail the building and subsequent decay of this massive, impressive wall.
Lesson by Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen, animation by Steff Lee.
Best Attractions and Places to See in Dunhuang, China
Dunhuang Travel Guide. MUST WATCH. Top things you have to do in Dunhuang. We have sorted Tourist Attractions in Dunhuang for You. Discover Dunhuang as per the Traveler Resources given by our Travel Specialists. You will not miss any fun thing to do in Dunhuang.
This Video has covered Best Attractions and Things to do in Dunhuang.
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List of Best Things to do in Dunhuang, China
Mogao Caves
Mingsha Shan - Echoing-Sand Mountain
Crescent Moon Pool
Yadan National Geological Park
Yumen Pass
Dunhuang Grotto Art Protection,Examination and Exhibition Center
DunHuang MoGaoKu YiShuGuan
Dunhuang Museum
Yangguan Historic Sites
Great Wall of Han Dynasty
You will be amazed to know about Chinese History Yi Lolon,Shang dynasty,Taijia
A brief talk about Chinese History - Shang Dynasty 1600 to 1066 BC
Learn about Chinese history spanning from 2070 B.C. to currently. This article talks concerning the second kinsfolk and therefore the tyrant of Associate in Nursing emperor UN agency all over it.
After the defeat of Jie of Xia the Shang dynasty is currently my place. The Shang dynasty spanned over 600 years and had thirty one emperors from 1600 to 1066 B.C.. At the beginning of this kinsfolk Lolo principle contend a vital role, particularly once Tang died.
Yi Lolon suggested and endorsed three emperors, Waibing, Zhngren and Taijia. Around 1541 B.C. Tang’s grandchild started neglecting state affairs, instead selecting to drink and target his concubines. Yi Lolon placed him below confinement for three years till he completed that he was movement his ancestors and determined to alter his ways in which. Taijia reformed his ways in which and once more took management of power and have become a wise king.Although alternative accounts states that Lolo principle tried to require the throne by putting Taijia underhouse arrest.
During the dynasty they started victimization animal bones as oracle bones to predict the long run. They conjointly loved several gods and ancestors, basic cognitive process that their ancestors conjointly become gods when they died. There was a supreme god named shangdi and he dominated over the opposite gods.However because the dynasty continuing they started go to a a lot of natural force named tian, which can be translated as heaven. This natural forced rule all the opposite gods and rule the world.
The Mandate of Heaven was introduce within the Shang dynasty. Meaning that the emperor may rule unopposed unless there have been varied natural disasters or the sovereign has lost concern or bit along with his folks. When this happens the folks believed that emperor had lost the mandate of heaven and it had been acceptable to rebel and overthrow the emperor.
This mandate gave legitimization within the following dynasties within the eyes of the folks. The Shang dynasty moved its capital vi times the last time to town of Yin; beginning a golden space and conjointly nick naming the Shang dynasty, the principle kinsfolk. Although the principle kinsfolk may consult with the late Shang dynasty,
+He build a cervid terrace many meters high with a circumference of some miles wide.
+ He created a bronze pillar and took amusement in look folks baked to death by the pillar.
+He uncle gave him some recommendation he censured of, thus he was killed and his heart was cut out.
+ He minister conjointly gave some recommendation and therefore the emperor injured him and created his skin into paper for a warning to others.
and therefore the emperor Chou dynasty. Emperor Chinese solely had a military of seventy,000 however
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Chinese Art - 3 Qin, Han and Six Dynasties
Third video about the Chinese Art serie. Any doubt? Send me a message.
Historia del Arte:
Land of the Art:
China is the main cultural center of Asia, centered near the rivers Hoang-ho and Yang-tse-kiang. With the introduction of buddhism, indian art influenced them, but soon they would transform it to their culture. They valuated equally calligraphy, ceramics, silk and porcelain as literature, architecture, sculpture and painting. Confucianism and Taoism are the main philosophical movements.
Qin: from 221-206 BCE. Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China.
Great Wall: built with the available materials of the surroundings of the construction. It had a lenght of over four thousand kilometers, and it was built to prevent attacks from the north. General Meng Tian was a military man very important in the construction of the wall, and he even invented an unique style of calligraphy
Mausoleum and Terracotta Army: the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is protected by over seven thousand figures of warriors of real size, wearing armour and weapons. The tomb hasn’t been opened yet, and original sources from the period, from historian Sima Qian, say that it has rivers of mercury and traps and crossbows
Han: from 206 BCE to 220 CE. This is a period of peace and prosperity. Buddhism was introduced. Painting and reliefs were made in a sense of solemnity and moral virtue, in sanctuaries and offering chambers. This is the classical era of chinese culture. Calligraphy existed since the beginning, but here it is developed. Calligraphy, poetry and painting are united in the art of brush.
Wu of Han: in II century BCE, this emperor breaks the isolation and creates the Silk Route, a trade route. Industrialization of the silk production, and in XVIII century it will be very important for tea and porcelain
Lion of Fo: iconography associated with buddhism, this is the Sakya lion (from the capitals of the indian columns), and symbolizes the protection of the place
Tombs of Han: funerary chambers with reliefs or paintings in the walls. The tombs are in Chang’an (current Xi’an)
Mingqi: among the objects, these little sculptures are found in those funerary chambers. The name means object of another world
Architecture models: these models are also found in the funerary chambers, and they replace the real constructions in the other world
Prince Liu Sheng: made with jade
Boshan-lu incensory: with shape of mountain, the first one was found in the tomb of the previous prince
Bi Disks
Crossbows
Gu Kaizhi: the main painter of this period, he was painter, poet and calligrapher. He wrote three painting treaties. Painting in this period was in silk rolls, like scrolls. In images, I’ve added two images for each one of the paintings he made. The titles are Nymph in Luo River, Wise and Benevolent Women, and Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies
Architecture: most of it is lost because it was made with wood
Chang’an: this was the capital city of the empire, and the shape of the city is associated with Yin and Yang and with the mythic red bird, dragon, white tiger and turtle. The second image is about the palace of the emperor
Three Sovereigns and Six Dynasties: from 220-618. This is a period of inestability. After the downfall of the Han dynasty, there sovereigns emerged: Wei, Shu and Wu. The Jin dynasty tried to unify China again but the barbarians of the north took advantage of the situation, and thus emerged the period known as of Six Dynasties. With the coming of buddhism, the art in caves similar as in India happened here too.
Calligraphy: in this period existed the calligrapher Wang Xizhi, a master. There are various styles of calligraphy. It is called the art of brush
Caves of Mogao: it is a complex of nearly 500 caves in Dunhuang, with a lot of Buddhas sculptures
Caves of Longmen: a complex with more than 2000 caves and nearly 100000 buddhist images, including the cave of the ten thousand Buddhas
Caves of Yungang: a complex of around 50 caves with more than 5000 statues, in Datong
Hunping vases: literally, soul vases, a funerary clay urn found in tombs, specially in the Jin dynasty tombs, usually decorated with buddhist figures or architectonical models
Sui: this dynasty started with emperor Yang Jian. He created a channel system that united rivers Huang He, Huai and Yangzi. It is interesting also by the ceramics, of a characteristic green color
Music: Don't Decorate Your Dreams 不装饰你的梦 by Huang Jiang Qin
Photos taken in Google images.
No copyright infringement intended.
Jiayuguan fort and Hanging Great wall of China. 2015. UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Jiayuguan Fort — Westernmost Ming Great Wall Garrison.
Jiayu Pass is not only the western starting point of the Ming Great Wall, but also a vital pass on the ancient Silk Road. It's the joining place of the cultures of the Silk Road and the Great Wall (along with Dunhuang, which has some Han Dynasty Great Wall relics).
In the Ming Dynasty Jiayu Pass was a vital area for defense against attack from the northwest. The Great Wall was built across this Gobi Desert pass. Jiayu Pass gets its name the First and Greatest Pass under Heaven for its strategic, commanding position and grand presence.
Built with Loess: In the Gobi Desert, Jiayuguan's Great Wall is not like other famous sections near Beijing, which are built with grey bricks and big stone slabs. This section is mainly built with loess. The loess soil was tamped together in layers, making the wall very solid. Each layer is 14 cm thick on average. The wall outside the fortress is one of the highest remaining parts at about 6 meters high.
Jiayuguan's fortress is quite impressive, especially considering its barren surroundings. There is a two-storey watchtower on each corner. It has a bailey with three storied-buildings with three-tiered gable-and-hip roofs, inner and outer walls, two gatehouses, a moat, and beacon towers. The bailey has a perimeter of 640 meters and an area of 25,000 square meters.
The Hanging Great Wall
The Hanging Great Wall in Shiguan Gorge is 8.4 km north from Jiayu Pass. This Great Wall fortification was built by Li Han, another official of Gansu's Suzhou, in 1540 (the 19th year of Ming Emperor Jiajing). Partially overhanging the north of the gorge, it seems like a hanging arm, so it's also known as the Badaling of the West.
敦煌周边：玉门关 -汉长城遗址 -雅丹地貌公园 | Visit Dunhuang: Yumen Pass, Han Great Wall Ruin, Yadan National Geo Park
春风不度玉门关，
来看看
还是很有历史感.
汉长城，
居然比明长城还要久远
2000多年前的东西让人不住为敬.
大方城，
只能想象许多许多年前在这沙漠中屹立着
旅者官兵的息脚粮仓.
雅丹地貌
坐车走走停停，下来照相，看过了也就不用再来了
Visit Dunhuang:
these places are about an hour away from Dunhuang. If you have time for a day trip, I recommend these historical places!
1. Yumen Pass (you also get to visit the Han Dynasty Great Wall ruins, and another ruins of a castle that was used for food storage)
2. Yadan National Geo Park
people call this the devil city because it's really hot. It's very scenic but I think seeing it for once is enough.
Leitai Tomb of Han Dynasty, Wuwei, China 2E875085 3DF1 493F A281 10CDDBFEADB9
Leitai Tomb is a national key cultural relics protection units, located in Leitai Park, Wuwei City. It was discovered by local famers under an old locust tree in 1969. It is famous for the Bronze Horse unearthed in the tomb which is a cultural treasure and also the tourism logo of China. Leitai is a place of ancient ritual. As there is a Leizhu Temple built on the platform about 10 m high, hence the name.
With four side-rooms on the four sides of the main chamber, the tomb has an inner passage of 19.34 meters. From the whole tomb, 231 cultural relics made of gold, silver, copper, iron, jade, animal bone, stone and porcelain as well as 99 bronze chariots, horses and warriors. Among all of these unearthed treasures, it is the bronze galloping horse that is of artistic value most. This horse has a height of 34.5 cm, a length of 45 cm and a weight of 17.5 kilometers, appearing to be galloping with its three legs off the earth and its head holding high. The exquisite casting skill is so astonishing that it is considered as the crown of ancient bronzes, and the original is now well collected in the Gansu Museum.
中国境内唯一汉明长城共存的地方在山丹
请订阅：
甘肃山丹境内的汉、明长城绵延近200公里，被专家誉为“露天博物馆”，是目前国内保存最完整的一段夯土古长城，也是中国境内唯一“汉明长城并存”的古遗址。
Aerial photography of the Great Wall Site in Suzhou District, Gansu Province, China&甘肃-航拍肃州区境内长城遗址
Gansu Province is the starting point of the Great Wall in the Qin, Han and Ming dynasties, with a total mileage of 4,000 kilometers, accounting for a quarter of the Great Wall of China;甘肃是秦、汉、明三大时期长城起点，总里程达4000公里，占中国长城的四分之一；
China's ancient gate to the west revives
Established more than 2,100 years ago, the Yangguan Pass was an important outpost of the ancient Chinese empire. Although the magnificent construction has long gone, travelers can still connect with its glorious past, thanks to a museum at the site.
Chinese HanFu dance《鳕鱼》
Chinese traditional costumes are not only cheongsam but Han clothes, and songs are also Chinese antique songs.
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China Series: An ancient fort sits peacefully alongside a village in Tongwei, Gansu, China
Another fort from somewhere far back in time, found in the remoteness of Gansu province.
HAN GREAT WALL and Small Fangpan Castle
After 2000 years these two historic sites remain standing in Western China.
Photography of The Great Wall of China in Jiayuguan, China
To see more images from the Great Wall of China in Jiayuguan check out this article:
About the Video:
Rather than going to usual spot in China to see the Great Wall, I decided to go a bit off the beaten path. Instead, I headed over to the city of Jiayuguan to see the westernmost section of the Great Wall of China.
It was a good decision, I think, as the wall was fairly under-visited. We only saw a couple other tourists the whole time we were there. But it actually left me longing to see the classic sections of the Great Wall of China as well. I guess that's another activity for another trip.
Anyways, this video features some of the travel photography I shot along this section of the great wall. I couldn't, unfortunately, shoot during the golden hour as the park was close. Moreover, the weather wasn't really cooperating. Still, it was a pretty awesome experience and I got some good photos despite the average weather and light.
Silk Road
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The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that for centuries were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East from China to the Mediterranean Sea.The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in Chinese silk carried out along its length, beginning during the Han dynasty .The Han dynasty expanded Central Asian sections of the trade routes around 114 BCE by the Han dynasty, largely through the missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy, Zhang Qian.The Chinese took great interest in the safety of their trade products and extended the Great Wall of China to ensure the protection of the trade route.
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Silk Road Episode 04 'The Dark Castle' Part 5
Silk Road NHK Series. The Dark Castle.
The Silk Road: The Rise And Fall Of Civilizations is an NHK Tokushu documentary series that first aired in April 7, 1980, broadcast over a 10-year period. It took 17 years in production to complete what many consider a landmark in Japan's broadcasting television history.
A coproduction of China's CCTV and Japan's NHK, this elaborate historical series has been made at a cost of over $50 million. The soundtrack of the series was arranged by Kitaro, the Japanese recording artist, composer, and the winner of Grammy Award and Golden Globe Award. The series of soundtracks sold millions and the success created from the program brought Kitaro international attention.
Wikipedia: The Silk Road, or Silk Route, is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time.
Extending 4,000 miles (6,437 kilometres), the Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative trade of Chinese silk which was carried out along its length, and began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC -- 220 AD). The Central Asian sections of the trade routes were expanded around 114 BC by the Han dynasty, largely through the missions and explorations of Zhang Qian. They took great interest in the safety of their products being traded and extended the Great Wall to ensure the protection of the trade route.
Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the civilizations of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europe and Arabia. It opened long-distance, political and economic interactions between the civilizations. Though silk was certainly the major trade item from China, many other goods were traded, and various technologies, religions and philosophies, as well as the bubonic plague (the Black Death), also traveled along the Silk Routes. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road served as a ways of cultural trade between the networking civilizations.
The main traders during Antiquity were the Persian traders, the Romans, the Indians and Bactrian traders had involvement, then from the 5th to the 8th century the Sogdian traders, during the coming of age of Islam Arab traders became prominent.
WEI JIN DYNASTY TOMBS - JIAYUGUAN, CHINA
In a dry desert location over 1400 underground tombs from 265 - 420AD have been discovered. The tomb art has been called the world's greatest underground gallery
Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom - Han Dynasty - Silk and Spice
Emperor: Rise of the Middle Kingdom - Han Dynasty - Silk and Spice - Walkthrough Gameplay PC
Difficulty: Hard
~ Episode goals:
- Earthen Great Wall must be built
- 4 trading partners
- Yearly profit of 2000
~ Episode briefing:
- Attempts to keep the pestilent Xiongnu at bay with lavish silks and other coveted items have met wtih limited success -- and always appear as weakness on the part of our government. Efforts to locate their camps and exterminate the problem at its source are even more difficult, as the nomads move like the wind, much swifter than our mightier, but more heavily laden, armies.
It seems the only recourse is to continue the Long Wall, making it of sufficient height and width that the barbarians' horses cannot vault it.
West of the great loop of the Yellow River, along the Silk Road at a place called Jiayuguan, you are to establish a settlement and stretch the Great Wall westward once again. The weather is dry here, and the rains unpredictable. It would be advisable to keep an adequate supply of food stockpiled in case the crops should fail.