War in the Vendée | Wikipedia audio article
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War in the Vendée
00:02:08 1 Background
00:05:02 2 Outbreak of revolt
00:06:05 2.1 Geographic coverage
00:06:51 3 Vendée military response
00:08:48 3.1 Battle of Bressuire
00:09:04 3.2 Battle of Thouars
00:10:09 3.3 Battle of Fontenay-le-Comte
00:11:00 3.4 Battle of Saumur
00:11:41 3.5 Battle of Nantes
00:13:18 3.6 First Battle of Châtillon
00:13:55 3.7 Battle of Vihiers
00:14:13 3.8 Battle of Luçon
00:15:04 3.9 Battle of Montaigu
00:15:37 3.10 Second Battle of Tiffauges
00:15:58 3.11 Second Battle of Châtillon
00:16:47 3.12 Battle of Tremblaye
00:17:10 3.13 Defeat (October–December 1793)
00:19:25 4 Aftermath
00:22:16 5 Later revolts
00:22:57 6 Genocide controversy
00:28:30 6.1 Challenging the methodology
00:32:08 7 Historiography
00:34:40 8 Film
00:35:44 9 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The War in the Vendée (1793; French: Guerre de Vendée) was an uprising in the Vendée region of France during the French Revolution. The Vendée is a coastal region, located immediately south of the Loire River in western France. Initially, the war was similar to the 14th-century Jacquerie peasant uprising, but quickly acquired themes considered by the Jacobin government in Paris to be counter-revolutionary, and Royalist. The uprising headed by the newly formed Catholic and Royal Army was comparable to the Chouannerie, which took place in the area north of the Loire.
The departments included in the uprising, called the Vendée Militaire, included the area between the Loire and the Layon rivers: Vendée (Marais, Bocage Vendéen, Collines Vendéennes), part of Maine-et-Loire west of the Layon, and the portion of Deux-Sèvres west of the River Thouet. Having secured their pays, the deficiencies of the Vendean army became more apparent. Lacking a unified strategy (or army) and fighting a defensive campaign, from April onwards the army lost cohesion and its special advantages. Successes continued for some time: Thouars was taken in early May and Saumur in June; there were victories at Châtillon and Vihiers. After this string of victories, the Vendeans turned to a protracted siege of Nantes, for which they were unprepared and which stalled their momentum, giving the government in Paris sufficient time to send more troops and experienced generals.
Tens of thousands of civilians, royalists, Republican prisoners, and sympathizers with the revolution or the religious were massacred by both armies. Historians such as Reynald Secher have described these events as genocide, but most scholars reject the use of the word as inaccurate. Ultimately, the uprising was suppressed using draconian measures. The historian François Furet concludes that the repression in the Vendée not only revealed massacre and destruction on an unprecedented scale but also a zeal so violent that it has bestowed as its legacy much of the region's identity ... The war aptly epitomizes the depth of the conflict ... between religious tradition and the revolutionary foundation of democracy.