Le Château Gaillard: Les Andelys - Haute Normandie -
Le Château Gaillard
Château-Gaillard est une forteresse médiévale en ruine qui se situe au cœur du Vexin normand, à 100 km de Paris dans la commune des Andelys (Eure). Il constitue un morceau d'histoire de France qui domine la vallée de la Seine, mêlant Richard Cœur de Lion et les rois maudits en haut d'une falaise de calcaire. Château-Gaillard a plus de 800 ans. Il devrait son nom à Richard Cœur de Lion qui, le voyant achevé, aurait dit « Que voilà un château gaillard ! ».
Le château fait l'objet d'un classement au titre des monuments historiques par la liste de 1862.
La construction de la forteresse s'inscrit dans la lutte que se livrent depuis les années 1060 les rois de France et les rois d'Angleterre, alors maîtres de la Normandie. En 1189, Richard Ier dit Richard Cœur-de-Lion hérite des couronnes de son père Henri II Plantagenêt, roi d'Angleterre et duc de Normandie. Le roi Philippe Auguste (Philippe II de France), jusque-là allié de Richard, s'éloigne de lui. Ils partent toutefois ensemble dès l'hiver 1190-1191 pour la Terre sainte. Mais après quelques mois, Philippe Auguste retourne dans son royaume et profite de l'absence de Richard pour entamer la conquête de la Normandie. Dès son retour, le roi d'Angleterre entreprend avec énergie de récupérer la suprématie sur la frontière orientale de son duché de Normandie. Après avoir battu l'armée du Capétien à Fréteval près de Vendôme, il conclut un traité de paix avec son rival en 1196. Richard concède notamment plusieurs places fortes que son frère avait perdues, parmi lesquelles Gaillon et Vernon. La frontière orientale du duché est du coup fragilisée. Le roi d'Angleterre doit construire une nouvelle forteresse pour barrer la route de la Seine à la prochaine offensive des Français. Le site des Andelys lui apparaît idéal.
Le siège de Château-Gaillard par le Roi Philippe Auguste
Philippe Auguste installe le siège en 1203. Richard Cœur de Lion est mort et c'est son frère Jean Sans Terre qui lui a succédé.
Ce dernier a conclut un traité de paix avec le roi de France le 22 mai 1200 (traité du Goulet). Cette paix est rompue en 1202 et Philippe Auguste attaque le duché de Normandie, il met le siège à Château-Gaillard avec six mille hommes le 10 août 1203.
Il existe deux versions du siège, l'une héroïque pour les Anglais, l'autre beaucoup moins :
Première version :
Quand le roi de France annexe la vallée, la population se réfugie dans le premier fossé qui sépare la bastille du corps principal. Mais, la garnison ne leur offre aucune protection et les chasse ou les laisse mourir de faim.
Ce sort réservé à la population locale a été totalement inutile et n'a absolument pas fait reculer l'échéance fatale.
Philippe Auguste fait combler le fossé par son armée en février 1204 annulant ainsi l'invulnérabilité de la forteresse.
En effet, la force d'un château fort est de pouvoir, grâce à son fossé extérieur, tenir à distance l'assaillant. Sans ce fossé, l'ennemi n'a aucun mal à saper le pied de l'édifice.
Les assaillants français peuvent alors créer d'énormes brèches dans la maçonnerie.
La garnison du château était constituée de 180 mercenaires qui n'avaient aucune raison de mourir au combat. Elle se rendit donc sans gloire.
Deuxième version :
Philippe Auguste, après s'être emparé du château de l'île et du Petit-Andely, tente d'affamer la garnison et la population retranchées à l'intérieur.
Roger de Lascy, chef de la garnison, repousse les attaques et éteint les incendies pendant sept mois. Il ne se rend qu'à cause de la famine après avoir vu périr les trois quarts de sa troupe. Les vieillards, femmes et enfants de Petit-Andely, qui avaient trouvé un refuge dans le château, en furent chassés. Les Français les repoussèrent. Tassés dans la deuxième enceinte, ils moururent de faim.
Lassé de la résistance des soldats anglo-normands, Philippe Auguste finit par donner l'assaut après six mois de siège et s'empare successivement de tous les éléments de la forteresse.
Rouen est prise en 1204, la Normandie est conquise et réintègre le domaine royal.
Durant la guerre de Cent Ans, le château Gaillard subit plusieurs sièges. En 1417, il tombe aux mains des Anglais.
La Hire, compagnon de Jeanne d'Arc s'en empare en 1429.
En 1430, la forteresse est de nouveau sous contrôle Anglais.
En 1449, Charles VII en reprend possession.
Pris par Philippe Auguste, Château-Gaillard est démantelé cinq siècles plus tard sur ordre d'Henri IV, puis de Richelieu.
En 1852 les ruines du Château-Gaillard sont classées au titre des monuments historiques.
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The Escape Games
Take the key !
What's an escape game? How it works ? From where does it come from? ... I try to answer all these questions :)
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MY OTHERS VIDEOS MENTIONED IN THIS VIDEO:
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➡️ Lock Academy – Paris/Toulouse -
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➡️ Great Escape Rooms – Galway -
==========
SOURCES
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► Capital M6 17/04/2016:
► ‘7 raisons de faire des escape games !!’ - Doc Seven
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EXAMPLES
1️⃣ THE SOLO
The Lockdown Escape in Singapour :
2️⃣ THE SHOW TV
► Race to Escape : /
► Escape!
3️⃣ THE JAIL
Reportage France 2 :
Trailer :
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5️⃣ ON A BOAT
(as well as the 2 sources mentionned at the beginning of the description)
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Trailer Assassin’s Creed, Le Trésor des Templiers :
(as well as the 2 sources mentionned at the beginning of the description)
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Trailer
9️⃣VACATE THE ROOM
Squeezie testing the game :
But as well :
► The board game for kids - Dujardin
►Escape Home - Happy Kits
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11ème Slalom de MELUN 77 14 06 1987
L'A.S.A. MELUN organisait, autrefois, un slalom automobile en plein centre ville de MELUN sur la place du marché.
Racing - les Ateliers du Parc - Course des Lacs 2011
Course des Lacs 2011 - F16 SECMA, véhicule cabriolet 2 places.
Les Ateliers du Parc - Racing - racing-lesateliersduparc.fr
Henry II of England
Henry II , also known as Henry Curtmantle , Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois, and was made Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153: Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later.
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Philip II of France | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Philip II of France
00:02:43 1 Early years
00:04:27 1.1 Consolidation of the royal demesne
00:05:43 1.2 Wars with his vassals
00:07:09 1.3 War with Henry II
00:10:25 2 Third Crusade
00:12:45 3 Conflict with England, Flanders and the Holy Roman Empire
00:12:57 3.1 Conflict with King Richard the Lionheart and Thanos, 1192–1199
00:21:04 3.2 Conflict with King John, 1200–1206
00:24:04 3.3 Alliances against Philip, 1208–1213
00:27:23 3.4 Battle of Bouvines, 1214
00:31:05 4 Marital problems
00:33:14 5 Issue
00:34:15 6 Last years
00:35:55 7 Portrayal in fiction
00:37:45 8 Ancestry
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), known as Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, the seventh from the House of Capet. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French monarch to style himself King of France. The son of King Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne, he was originally nicknamed Dieudonné (God-given) because he was a first son and born late in his father's life. Philip was given the epithet Augustus by the chronicler Rigord for having extended the crown lands of France so remarkably.
The only known description of Philip describes him as a handsome, strapping fellow, bald but with a cheerful face of ruddy complexion, and a temperament much inclined towards good-living, wine, and women. He was generous to his friends, stingy towards those who displeased him, well-versed in the art of stratagem, orthodox in belief, prudent and stubborn in his resolves. He made judgements with great speed and exactitude. Fortune's favorite, fearful for his life, easily excited and easily placated, he was very tough with powerful men who resisted him, and took pleasure in provoking discord among them. Never, however, did he cause an adversary to die in prison. He liked to employ humble men, to be the subduer of the proud, the defender of the Church, and feeder of the poor.After a twelve-year struggle with the Plantagenet dynasty in the Anglo-French War of 1202–14, Philip broke up the large Angevin Empire presided over by the crown of England and defeated a coalition of his rivals (German, Flemish and English) at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. This victory would have a lasting impact on western European politics: the authority of the French king became unchallenged, while the English King John was forced by his barons to sign Magna Carta and deal with a rebellion against him aided by Philip, the First Barons' War. The military actions surrounding the Albigensian Crusade helped prepare the expansion of France southward. Philip did not participate directly in these actions, but he allowed his vassals and knights to help carry it out.
Philip transformed France from a small feudal state into the most prosperous and powerful country in Europe. He checked the power of the nobles and helped the towns to free themselves from seigniorial authority, granting privileges and liberties to the emergent bourgeoisie. He built a great wall around Paris (the Wall of Philip II Augustus), re-organized the French government and brought financial stability to his country.
Richard I of England | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Richard I of England
00:01:48 1 Early life and accession in Aquitaine
00:01:58 1.1 Childhood
00:07:40 1.2 Revolt against Henry II
00:11:47 1.3 Final years of Henry II's reign
00:18:47 2 King and crusader
00:18:56 2.1 Coronation and anti-Jewish violence
00:20:38 2.2 Crusade plans
00:23:00 2.3 Occupation of Sicily
00:25:00 2.4 Conquest of Cyprus
00:27:08 2.5 Marriage
00:28:26 2.6 In the Holy Land
00:35:07 2.7 Captivity, ransom and return
00:38:24 2.8 Later years and death
00:46:43 3 Character and sexuality
00:49:00 4 Legacy
00:49:08 4.1 Heraldry
00:50:09 4.2 Medieval folklore
00:51:18 4.3 Modern reception
00:53:50 4.4 Depictions in modern fiction
00:56:36 5 Ancestors
00:56:45 6 Notes
00:56:54 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No (Yes and No), because of his reputation for terseness.By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he did not retake Jerusalem from Saladin.Richard spoke both French and Occitan. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming king, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies. Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the few kings of England remembered by his epithet, rather than regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.
Henry II of England | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Henry II of England
00:04:24 1 Early years (1133–1149)
00:08:18 2 Appearance and personality
00:09:58 3 Early reign (1150–1162)
00:10:09 3.1 Succession in Normandy and Anjou
00:13:27 3.2 Taking the English throne
00:17:11 3.3 Reconstruction of royal government
00:19:48 3.4 France: Brittany, Toulouse and the Vexin
00:25:57 4 Government, family and household
00:26:07 4.1 Empire and nature of government
00:29:58 4.2 Court and family
00:33:26 4.3 Law
00:37:30 4.4 Relations with the Church
00:39:52 4.5 Economy and finance
00:43:23 5 Later reign (1162–1175)
00:43:35 5.1 Developments in France
00:47:24 5.2 Thomas Becket controversy
00:51:50 5.3 Invasion of Ireland
00:54:26 5.4 Great Revolt (1173–1174)
00:59:12 6 Final years (1175–1189)
00:59:24 6.1 Aftermath of the Great Revolt
01:02:20 6.2 Family tensions
01:06:05 6.3 Henry and Philip Augustus
01:08:56 6.4 Death
01:11:37 7 Legacy
01:13:16 7.1 Historiography
01:15:47 7.2 Popular culture
01:17:05 8 Ancestry
01:17:14 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Scotland, Wales and the Duchy of Brittany. Before he was 40 he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France—an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire.
Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois, and was made Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards became the Duke of Aquitaine by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, and Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later. Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his grandfather Henry I. During the early years of his reign the younger Henry restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's murder in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a cold war over several decades. Henry expanded his empire, often at Louis' expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached.
Henry and Eleanor had eight children – three daughters and five sons. Three of his sons would be king, though Henry the Young King was named his father's co-ruler rather than a stand-alone king. As the sons grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, Young Henry, rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard (later a king) and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by Henry's vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them new men appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills. Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John (later a ...